PSI - Issue 64

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 2238–2245

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SMAR 2024 – 7th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures Innovative tools and methods for digitizing both visible and non visible attributes of cultural heritage items. Part II: a multiscale approach Nicola Nisticò a * a Sapienza University of Rome, Department of structural and geotechnical engineering, Via Eudossiana 18, Roma 00184 , Italy The process of object digitization marks the initial step toward digital transformation, focusing on discretizing specific geometric entities according to predefined level of detail. The degree of detail, depending on the scale of representation and visualization, is important for two critical steps: segmentation and classification. These stages aim to partition the object into regions with homogeneous properties and assigning labels to each region based on its characteristics. The geometrical model implementation follows, serving different objectives including the structural analyses of the digitized object. Within this framework three mechanical methods will be presented: the lattice-based model dating back to Hrennikoff (1943), the Discrete Element Method (Cundal, 1971) and the microplane method (Ba ž ant and Oh, 1985). These methods will be discussed alongside applications concerning brick walls, concrete element and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials utilized for reinforcement of existing concrete elements as well as new FRP element. Depending on the chosen scale, the numerical model can be implemented based on Voronoi Diagram (1908) and Delaunay triangulation (1934). These techniques find applications in various fields, including cluster analysis, record access scheduling, and collision detection. SMAR 2024 – 7th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures Innovative tools and methods for digitizing both visible and non visible attributes of cultural heritage items. Part II: a multiscale approach Nicola Nisticò a * a Sapienza University of Rome, Department of structural and geotechnical engineering, Via Eudossiana 18, Roma 00184 , Italy Abstract The process of object digitization marks the initial step toward digital transformation, focusing on discretizing specific geometric entities according to predefined level of detail. The degree of detail, depending on the scale of representation and visualization, is important for two critical steps: segmentation and classification. These stages aim to partition the object into regions with homogeneous properties and assigning labels to each region based on its characteristics. The geometrical model implementation follows, serving different objectives including the structural analyses of the digitized object. Within this framework three mechanical methods will be presented: the lattice-based model dating back to Hrennikoff (1943), the Discrete Element Method (Cundal, 1971) and the microplane method (Ba ž ant and Oh, 1985). These methods will be discussed alongside applications concerning brick walls, concrete element and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials utilized for reinforcement of existing concrete elements as well as new FRP element. Depending on the chosen scale, the numerical model can be implemented based on Voronoi Diagram (1908) and Delaunay triangulation (1934). These techniques find applications in various fields, including cluster analysis, record access scheduling, and collision detection. Keywords: digitalizzation; gemetrical modeling; structural modeling; multiscale. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers Abstract

Keywords: digitalizzation; gemetrical modeling; structural modeling; multiscale.

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-06-44585369 E-mail address: nicola.nistico@uniroma1.it *Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-06-44585369 E-mail address: nicola.nistico@uniroma1.it

2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.350 2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers 2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers