PSI - Issue 58

Yazmin Sahol Hamid et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 58 (2024) 130–136 Yazmin Sahol Hamid et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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adhering to Eurocode 3 bolt spacing standards. The position of the staggered bolt, the edge distance, and end distance used are minimum, as stated in the code of practice EN1993-1-8:2005 (Clause 3.5, Table 3.3).

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b

Fig. 3. An elevation view of (a) staggered and (b) non-staggered bolt of intra-module connection.

4. Results and discussion 4.1. Welded Flange Bolted Web (WFBW) and Bolted Web (BW) connections

Failure Mechanism Both connections (WFBW) and (BW) failed when the beam end reached its maximum Y-direction displacement, moving downwards. All Von Mises stresses exceeded their ultimate tensile strength in the WFBW connection. The PFC, especially around the bolt holes, was most affected by bearing and tensile forces on the top flange, causing significant necking conditions (Fig. 4a). The bolts, which had higher yield and ultimate tensile strength than the S275 steel PFC beam, caused the upper hole to yield, causing tension forces in the beam as it was pulled 200 mm vertically downwards. All Von Mises stresses exceeded their ultimate tensile strength for the BW connection except the CHHF

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b

Fig. 4. (a) Plastic deformation of the Type 1 (WFBW) connection in ABAQUS; (b) Plastic deformation of the Type 2 (BW) connection in ABAQUS.