PSI - Issue 56

Cristina Vălean et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 56 (2024) 97– 104 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

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3. Conclusions The paper investigates the mechanical behavior of pure and reinforced PLA samples. For this purpose, the pure PLA and PLA reinforced with glass fibers (PLA+GF), carbon fibers (PLA+CF) and bronze particles (PLA+BP) were tested in tensile and three-point bending. After analyzing the results, the following can be concluded:  the best strength properties are given by the pure PLA in tensile and PLA+CF in bending.  the largest strains, both in tension and in bending, are found for the pure PLA, which prove to be more ductile.  due to the quasi-brittle matrix, the PLA+CF material presents the highest stiffness.  in both tensile and bending, pure PLA possess the highest fracture energy, due to its ductility manifested by an extension of the plastic zone until fracture. Therefore, the choice of the material type (unreinforced or reinforced) is important to be made in accordance to the functional loading conditions. Acknowledgements This paper was financially supported by the Project “Network of excellence in applied research and innovation for doctoral and postdoctoral programs / InoHubDoc”, project cofounded by the European Social Fund financing agreement no. POCU/993/6/13/153437. References [1] DI Stoia, L Marşavina, E Linul, Correlations be tween process parameters and outcome properties of Laser-Sintered Polyamide, Polymers 11 (11), 2019, 1850. [2] DA Șerban, AV Coșa, G Belgiu, R Negru, Failure Locus of an ABS -Based Compound Manufactured through Photopolymerization, Polymers 14 (18), 2022, 3822. [3] DI Stoia, L Marsavina, E Linul, Mode I fracture toughness of polyamide and alumide samples obtained by selective laser sintering additive process, Polymers 12 (3), 2020, 640. [4] L Marșavina, C Vălean, M Mărghitaș, et al., Effect of the manufactur ing parameters on the tensile and fracture properties of FDM 3D-printed PLA specimens, Engineering Fracture Mechanics 274, 2022, 108766. [5] CF Popa, T Krausz, SV Galatanu, et al., Numerical and experimental study for FDM printed specimens from PLA under IZOD impact tests, Materials Today: Proceedings 78, 2023, 326-330. [6] DI Stoia, L Marsavina, E Linul, Mode I critical energy release rate of additively manufactured polyamide samples, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 114, 2021, 102968. [7] C Vălean, L Marșavina, M Mărghitaș, et al., The effect of crack insertion for FDM printed PLA materials on Mode I and Mode II fract ure toughness, Procedia Structural Integrity 28, 2020, 1134-1139. [8] LM Calì, G Pascoletti, M Gaeta, G Milazzo, R Ambu, New filaments with natural fillers for FDM 3D printing and their applications in biomedical field, Procedia Manufacturing, Volume 51, 2020, Pages 698-703. [9] DV Lohar, AM Nikalje, PG Damle, Development and testing of hybrid green polymer composite (HGPC) filaments of PLA reinforced with waste bio fillers, Materials Today: Proceedings, Volume 62, Part 2, 2022, Pages 818-824, [10] MP Ho, KT Lau, H Wang, D Hui, Improvement on the Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) using Bamboo Charcoal Particles, Composites Part B (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.05.048. [11] MM Zerankeshi, SS Sayedain, M Tavangarifard, R Alizadeh, Developing a novel technique for the fabrication of PLA-graphite composite filaments using FDM 3D printing process, Ceramics International, Volume 48, Issue 21, 2022, Pages 31850-31858 [12] A Smirnov, P Peretyagin, N Nikitin, Assessment Effect of Nanometer-Sized Al2O3 Fillers in Polylactide on Fracture Probability of Filament and 3D Printed Samples by FDM. Materials 2023, 16, 1671. [13] E Mackiewicz, T Wejrzanowski, B Adamczyk- Cieślak, GJ Oliver, Polymer – Nickel Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Open Porous Materials. Materials 2022, 15, 1360. [14] AJ Arockiam, K Subramanian, RG Padmanabhan, R Selvaraj, DK Bagal, S Rajesh, A review on PLA with different fillers used as a filament in 3D printing. Materials Today: Proceedings, Volume 50, Part 5, 2022, Pages 2057-2064. [15] Web site: https://filament2print.com/gb/, accessed on 20.10.2023 [16] ISO 527-1:2019, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles, 2019. [17] ASTM D790-17, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials, 2017.