PSI - Issue 55

Andréa R. Souza et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 55 (2024) 143–150

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Andrea R. Souza et al ./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

Fig. 3. Environmental variables annual average values: (a) Climate classification; (b) Envelope system exposition.

The impact of the radiation is also notable in the system orientation, where the north facade has an annual average ST of 16.52 ºC, while the south facade registers 20.84 ºC, a difference of 4.3 ºC. Additionally, horizontal surfaces (roofs) exhibit the highest ST at 23.79 ºC. Especially, for the evaluated Portuguese cities, roofs have a surface temperature that is 14% higher than that of north facades and 44% higher than that of south facades. The use of dark colours in envelopes can have adverse effects on thermal stress, particularly in hot climates and summer season (Sghiouri et al. 2020). Therefore, the study explores scenarios that combine reflectance and thermal resistance (listed in Error! Reference source not found. ) for both roof and west facade applications, as detailed in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.

Fig. 4. Surface temperature for horizontal orientation (roofs): (a) Climate classification for June; (b) Year distribution for climate zone Csa.

Fig. 5. Surface temperature for the vertical west orientation: (a) Climate classification for month of June; (b) Year distribution for climate zone Csa.

The maximum surface temperature for the roof and west orientation in the month of June for the four different climate zones is exhibited in Fig. 4a and Fig. 5a, respectively. Fig. 4b, shows an annual distribution of the maximum temperature for climate zone Csa on roofs and Fig. 5b for the west orientations.