PSI - Issue 52

Leonardo Gunawan et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 52 (2024) 560–569 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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1. Introduction Hydrodynamic impact research is a multidisciplinary field that investigates the dynamic interactions between solid structures and high-speed fluids, particularly water. These interactions occur in various real-world scenarios, ranging from maritime engineering and defense applications to offshore structures and aerospace engineering (Abraham et al., 2014). Understanding how structures respond to the forces imposed by hydrodynamic impacts is crucial for improving the safety, efficiency, and durability of a wide range of engineering systems (Sun et al., 2021). Studies on the impact of hydrodynamics on structures have been studied by Von Karman (1929) in which the distribution of force and pressure on seaplane floats during landing have been studied. (Ochi & Motter, 1973) performed repeated tests and proposed a simple form to evaluate the vertical slamming force. Daidola & Miskevich (1995) identified numerous theories of hydrodynamic impact loading that have been developed over the years by many researchers. Numerical simulations, with the Finite Element Method (FEM) being a prominent example, are indispensable tools in the study of hydrodynamic impacts (Chen et al., 2023). FEM, a widely used numerical approach for solving complex engineering problems, divides structures into smaller elements, allowing for the representation of material behavior, geometry, and boundary conditions (Fernández et al., 2023). FEM provides a framework for solving structural mechanics equations and is well-suited for modeling the deformation and response of materials subjected to external forces. A fundamental challenge in hydrodynamic impact research lies in the intricate Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) complexities. As solid structures interact with high-speed fluids, the fluid exerts forces that induce deformations, stresses, and potential damage to the structure. To overcome this challenge, FEM was usually used in combination with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) (Zhang et al., 2020). Panciroli et al., (2012) used LS-DYNA to couple FEM and SPH to simulate hydroelastic impact between elastic wedge panel and water. Recently, the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method emerges as a key component of this research landscape. This method, integral to FEM, bridges the gap between the Eulerian domain, representing the fluid, and the Lagrangian domain, representing solid structures (Facci et al., 2016). Through CEL-based FEM simulations, researchers gain valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of fluid-structure interactions during high-speed events, offering a robust framework for studying hydrodynamic impact on various structures, including floating objects (Erfanian et al., 2015). While numerical simulations like CEL-based FEM offer powerful tools for understanding hydrodynamic impacts, experimental research serves as a critical complement to these simulations. Experimental studies provide real-world data and observations that validate and refine numerical models. They allow researchers to directly measure physical responses, including pressure, velocity, deformation, and stress, during hydrodynamic impact events. Experimental work offers a means of validating the accuracy and reliability of numerical simulations (Francesconi, 2009; Panciroli et al., 2012). By conducting controlled experiments involving floating objects subjected to hydrodynamic impacts, researchers can directly compare experimental results with numerical predictions (Engle & Lewis, 2003). Additionally, experimental data serves as valuable benchmarks for improving and fine-tuning simulation models (Feng et al., 2021). This synergy between experiments and simulations enhances the predictive accuracy of numerical models. The insights gained from the combined approach of experiments and numerical simulations have direct applications in engineering design, safety assessments, and risk mitigation(Hu et al., 2023; Yan et al., 2018). For instance, in maritime engineering, understanding how floating vessels respond to wave loads informs ship design for stability and safety (Liu et al., 2023; Lu et al., 2000; Xia et al., 2023). In the defense sector, experimental data on hydrodynamic impacts contribute to the design of armored structures for enhanced protection (Chaudhry et al., 2020; Li et al., 2021; Wu & Earls, 2022). In recent years, several simulations of hydrodynamic impacts on float structures have been performed by (Firdaus, 2022; Mahalik, 2022; Rahman, 2017) in the attempt of designing float of amphibian airplanes. However, these simulations have not included failure analysis of the structures due to its resource-demanding computational cost. A hydrodynamic impact modeling study that includes structural failures is needed so the response of the structure under hydrodynamic impact can be predicted completely. In this paper, we present numerical simulations of an aluminum plate failure due to hydrodynamic impact load, referring to an experiment work conducted by Francesconi et al. (Francesconi, 2009). In this case, we developed numerical model that can account for damage progression in a