PSI - Issue 52

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ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000 Procedia Structural Integrity 52 (2024) 309–322 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000

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© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Professor Ferri Aliabadi Abstract In this paper, the modelling strategies of Fluid-Structure Interaction impact simulation between amphibious aircraft float structure and water are investigated. Fluid-structure interaction in the form of constant velocity hydrodynamic impact was numerically mod elled using finite element software by employing the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method. Four types of modelling strategies of the float, i.e., (1) full shell, (2) full solid, (3) multi-stage multi-scale, and (4) concurrent multi-scale modelling, are implemented and compared to obtain the most accurate model to obtain stress distribution on the float structure components. The modelling pro cedure and the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed comprehensively. The results show that the simulation using the structure modelled as shell elements is the most accurate strategy to obtain stress distribution on the float structure com ponents while the solid elements model is the worst since the stresses predicted by using this model is lower than that of the shell elements model, especially when insu ffi cient elements in the thickness direction is used. The multi-stage multi-scale in terms of shell-to-solid sub-modelling can be an alternative strategy since the results are similar to that using the shell geometry model. The concurrent multi-scale modelling, on the other hand, predicts acceptable stress values with a reasonable computational resource while maintaining computational accuracy and e ffi ciency. Keywords: Fluid-structure interaction; hydrodynamic impact; submodel; multiscale modeling; float structure Fracture, Damage and Structural Health Monitoring Modelling Strategies to Simulate the Fluid-Structure Interaction of Amphibious Aircraft Float Structure Muhammad Raihan Firdaus, Muhammad Rizki Mahalik, Annisa Jusuf ∗ , Satrio Wicaksono, Leonardo Gunawan, Tatacipta Dirgantara Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia Abstract In this paper, the modelling strategies of Fluid-Structure Interaction impact simulation between amphibious aircraft float structure and water are investigated. Fluid-structure interaction in the form of constant velocity hydrodynamic impact was numerically mod elled using finite element software by employing the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method. Four types of modelling strategies of the float, i.e., (1) full shell, (2) full solid, (3) multi-stage multi-scale, and (4) concurrent multi-scale modelling, are implemented and compared to obtain the most accurate model to obtain stress distribution on the float structure components. The modelling pro cedure and the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed comprehensively. The results show that the simulation using the structure modelled as shell elements is the most accurate strategy to obtain stress distribution on the float structure com ponents while the solid elements model is the worst since the stresses predicted by using this model is lower than that of the shell elements model, especially when insu ffi cient elements in the thickness direction is used. The multi-stage multi-scale in terms of shell-to-solid sub-modelling can be an alternative strategy since the results are similar to that using the shell geometry model. The concurrent multi-scale modelling, on the other hand, predicts acceptable stress values with a reasonable computational resource while maintaining computational accuracy and e ffi ciency. Keywords: Fluid-structure interaction; hydrodynamic impact; submodel; multiscale modeling; float structure ∗ Tatacipta Dirgantara Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia Abstract In this paper, the modelling strategies of Fluid-Structure Interaction impact simulation between amphibious aircraft float structure and water are investigated. Fluid-structure interaction in the form of constant velocity hydrodynamic impact was numerically mod elled using finite element software by employing the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method. Four types of modelling strategies of the float, i.e., (1) full shell, (2) full solid, (3) multi-stage multi-scale, and (4) concurrent multi-scale modelling, are implemented and compared to obtain the most accurate model to obtain stress distribution on the float structure components. The modelling pro cedure and the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed comprehensively. The results show that the simulation using the structure modelled as shell elements is the most accurate strategy to obtain stress distribution on the float structure com ponents while the solid elements model is the worst since the stresses predicted by using this model is lower than that of the shell elements model, especially when insu ffi cient elements in the thickness direction is used. The multi-stage multi-scale in terms of shell-to-solid sub-modelling can be an alternative strategy since the results are similar to that using the shell geometry model. The concurrent multi-scale modelling, on the other hand, predicts acceptable stress values with a reasonable computational resource while maintaining computational accuracy and e ffi ciency. Keywords: Fluid-structure interaction; hydrodynamic impact; submodel; multiscale modeling; float structure Fracture, Damage and Structural Health Monitoring Modelling Strategies to Simulate the Fluid-Structure Interaction of Amphibious Aircraft Float Structure Muhammad Raihan Firdaus, Muhammad Rizki Mahalik, Annisa Jusuf ∗ , Satrio Wicaksono, Leonardo Gunawan, Tatacipta Dirgantara Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000 www.elsevier.com / locate / procedia Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia The development of versatile air transportation has been triggered by several aircraft manufacturers by producing the amphibious version of their existing land aircraft. Pontoons, also commonly called as floats, distinguish amphibi ous aircraft and regular aircraft with landing gear. Floats that acts as the landing gear for the land-planes, which assist the steering and supports the whole aircraft structures on the water. Each float is usually equipped with a water rudder to help the steering on the water. Each pontoon also has such part in it called as the water-tight compartments. Fur thermore, each float is required to have at least four water-tight compartments to prevent the entire float from being filled with water if it is ruptured or fractured at any point. At any possible cases, if two of these compartments were 1. Introduction The development of versatile air transportation has been triggered by several aircraft manufacturers by producing the amphibious version of their existing land aircraft. Pontoons, also commonly called as floats, distinguish amphibi ous aircraft and regular aircraft with landing gear. Floats that acts as the landing gear for the land-planes, which assist the steering and supports the whole aircraft structures on the water. Each float is usually equipped with a water rudder to help the steering on the water. Each pontoon also has such part in it called as the water-tight compartments. Fur thermore, each float is required to have at least four water-tight compartments to prevent the entire float from being filled with water if it is ruptured or fractured at any point. At any possible cases, if two of these compartments were The development of versatile air transportation has been triggered by several aircraft manufacturers by producing the amphibious version of their existing land aircraft. Pontoons, also commonly called as floats, distinguish amphibi ous aircraft and regular aircraft with landing gear. Floats that acts as the landing gear for the land-planes, which assist the steering and supports the whole aircraft structures on the water. Each float is usually equipped with a water rudder to help the steering on the water. Each pontoon also has such part in it called as the water-tight compartments. Fur thermore, each float is required to have at least four water-tight compartments to prevent the entire float from being filled with water if it is ruptured or fractured at any point. At any possible cases, if two of these compartments were ∗ Annisa Jusuf. Tel.: 62-818-0827-2827 E-mail address: annisa.jusuf@itb.ac.id ∗ Annisa Jusuf. Tel.: + 62-818-0827-2827 E-mail address: annisa.jusuf@itb.ac.id 1. Introduction

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2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Professor Ferri Aliabadi 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.12.031 ∗ Annisa Jusuf. Tel.: + 62-818-0827-2827 E-mail address: annisa.jusuf@itb.ac.id

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