PSI - Issue 52

Satrio Wicaksono et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 52 (2024) 438–454

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Satrio Wicaksono et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

maximum contact force accurately with only 2.03% difference. However, there are still differences in the values of the kinetic energy and reaction force, especially at the end of the test time range. The results of parametric studies showed that the variation of yield strength ratio ( k ) of PVC 70.75 foam did not give substantial change in the stress-strain response and failure morphology of the T-joint. However, varying the displacement at failure gave a more significant change in the form of skin to foam delamination. In terms of AL1015 H14 material properties, varying the yield strength gave less significant effect on the response of the structure, which is shown in the similar failure morphology of the T-joint. However, changing the strain hardening slope of AL1015 H14 provided significant difference in the failure mode (from global buckling to crippling). Understanding the effect of these material properties effect to the response of a T-joint is very vital, especially for structural engineers in designing the T-joint of amphibian float, since it gives a deeper insight to which optimization has to be made in their design. 5. References [1] R. Tao, M. Alfano, and G. Lubineau, “In situ analysis of interfacial damage in adhesively bonded composite joints subjected to various surface pretreatments,” Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. , vol. 116, no. June 2018, pp. 216 – 223, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.10.033. [2] E. Hernandez, M. Alfano, D. Pulungan, and G. Lubineau, “Toughness amplification in copper/epoxy joints through pulsed laser micro- machined interface heterogeneities,” Sci. Rep. , vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1 – 12, 2017, doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16471-6. [3] X. Li, R. Tao, M. Alfano, and G. Lubineau, “How variability in interfacial properties results in tougher bonded composite joints by triggering bridging,” Int. J. Solids Struct. , vol. 191 – 192, pp. 87 – 98, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.11.021. [4] R. Ardiansyah and M. Adhitya, “Simulation of float of 19 passenger aircraft during landing on water surface,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering , 2019, vol. 694, no. 1. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/694/1/012005. [5] E. E. Theoto koglou and T. Moan, “Experimental and numerical study of composite T - joints,” J. Compos. Mater. , vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 190 – 209, 1996, doi: 10.1177/002199839603000203. [6] D. W. Zhou, L. A. Louca, and M. Saunders, “Numerical simulation of sandwich T -joints under dynamic loading,” Compos. Part B Eng. , vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 973 – 985, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.12.002. [7] J. H. Tang, I. Sridhar, G. B. Chai, and C. H. Ong, “Modelling of Composite Sandwich T -Joints Under Tension and Bending,” Adv. Model. Des. Adhes. Bond. Syst. , pp. 191 – 217, 2013, doi: 10.1002/9781118753682.ch7. [8] H. Toftegaard and A. Lystrup, “Design and test of lightweight sandwich T - joint for naval ships,” Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. , vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1055 – 1065, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.10.031. [9] H. J. Phillips and R. A. Shenoi, “Damage tolerance of laminated tee joints in FRP structures,” Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. , vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 465 – 478, 1998, doi: 10.1016/S1359-835X(97)00081-X. [10] F. Dharmawan, R. S. Thomson, H. Li, I. Herszberg, and E. Gellert, “Geometry and damage effects in a composite marine T- joint,” Compos. Struct. , vol. 66, no. 1 – 4, pp. 181 – 187, Oct. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.04.036. [11] S. M. R. Khalili and A. Ghaznavi, “Behavio r and failure modes of sandwich T-joint using cohesive zone material model and contact elements,” Appl. Compos. Mater. , vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 41 – 54, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s10443-012-9248-9. [12] S. M. R. Khalili, A. Ghaznavi, and A. Ghaznavi, “Effect of joint g eometry on the behavior and failure modes of sandwich T- joints under transverse static and dynamic loads,” J. Adhes. , vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 154 – 176, 2015, doi: 10.1080/00218464.2013.855881. [13] M. Li, P. Chen, B. Kong, T. Peng, Z. Yao, and X. Qiu, “Influenc es of thickness ratios of flange and skin of composite T-joints on the reinforcement effect of Z- pin,” Compos. Part B Eng. , vol. 97, pp. 216 – 225, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.05.007. [14] U. Caliskan and M. K. Apalak, “Low speed impact behaviour o f adhesively bonded foam-core sandwich T joints,” J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. , vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 217 – 242, 2019, doi: 10.1080/01694243.2018.1529882.