PSI - Issue 52

Quaiyum M. Ansari et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 52 (2024) 122–132 6 Quaiyum M. Ansari/ Fernando Sánchez/Luis Doménech-Ballester/ Trevor M. Young/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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Fig. 5. Comparison between experimental [28] and FE force during rain droplet impact. Following FE model validation, a simulation for a 2 mm rain droplet with high velocity ranges of 80 m/sec to 160 m/sec is performed to simulate the offshore wind turbine rain droplet impact. The stages of 2 mm droplet deformation at 100 m/sec are depicted in Fig. (6). The droplet spreads out radially over time, and the velocity approaches zero after 35 µs to 50 µs.

t = 0

t = 5 µs

t = 10 µs

t = 15 µs

t = 20 µs t = 35 µs Fig. 6. Droplet deformation at various stages during impact at 100 m/sec.

Figure (7) depicts the force time history for 2.9 mm droplets at various velocities. When a droplet hits the surface, the contact force increases with time and reaches a maximum of 100 m/sec around 12 µs, then drops as time passes