PSI - Issue 52

Ilias N. Giannakeas et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 52 (2024) 655–666 Ilias N. Giannakeas/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000

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Fig. 8: Effect of localization error on A) ̃ and B) ̃ for each impact event. To test the sensitivity of ̃ and ̃ on the uncertainty of ̃ , we test the values −55≤ ≤0 and =6.43mm . These values will generate accuracy and precision cases that are analogous to the observations obtained in (Giannakeas, Sharif Khodaei, and Aliabadi 2022). Similar to the temperature uncertainty section, Monte Carlo is used for uncertainty propagation and samples are drawn from ̃ ~ ( , ) to estimate ̃ . The resulting ̃ and ̃ values are reported in Fig. 8. Table 4: Percent (%) increase in ̃ due to localization uncertainty. Impact ID = = = = FP1-1 1.6 4.2 8.3 18.2 FP2-1 2.2 3.8 7.8 12.1 FP3-1 3.4 6.8 8.8 9.9 FP3-2 4.5 9.9 11.6 19.4 Table 5: Percent (%) increase in ̃ due to localization uncertainty. Impact ID = = = = FP1-1 8.4 21.8 26.5 47.8 FP2-1 12.5 9.1 32.8 41.4 FP3-1 10.7 33.4 36.3 40.8 FP3-2 34.6 26.52 45.2 68.49 The ̃ and ̃ are also compared with the estimations under the assumption of perfect information (Fig. 4) and the percent absolute error are reported in Table 4 and Table 5, respectively. Based on the results in Table 4, the uncertainty in the localization does not affect significantly ̃ as the estimate remains reasonable even for inaccuracies up to = 20mm. The spread of the results on the other hand, captured through ̃ , increases significantly and for = 20mm it can increase on average by 49.62%. It is noted however that the and values implemented here are on the conservative side as they have been computed with a = 10℃ temperature difference. 4. Conclusions Understanding the response of SHM systems under the expected EOC is of outmost importance of their industrial adoption. In aeronautics and in composites specifically, the introduction of SHM can have significant impact on the sector as they can lead to relaxation of the conservative safety factors and help optimize maintenance cycles. Such achievements offer viable pathways to improve the availability of the structures as well as contribute towards the decarbonization of the sector by allowing the lighter designs with higher material utilization. To facilitate the industrial adoption of SHM system however, it is imperative to study and understand how these behave under realistic environments. This study utilized the outputs from two previous studies ((Giannakeas et al. 2023) and (Giannakeas, Sharif Khodaei, and Aliabadi 2022)) to evaluate the effect of uncertainties on the