PSI - Issue 5

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 5 (2017) 139–146 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Low durability of co crete elements due to steel corrosion – cases wherein the steel reinforcing bars acted as an internal clock bomb Lino Maia ab *, Sérgio Alves b a CONSTRUCT-LABEST, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal b Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal Concrete elements are expected to resist any process of deterioration to remain its original form, quality and serviceability when exposed to its intended service environment. As the concrete deteriorates durability problems progressively develop leading to structural damage, which might put users in a potential danger. Concrete deterioration may be categorized into three categories of cause : physical, chemical, and mechanical, from which major durability issues come from steel corrosion as a result of combined effect of multi environmental factors. This work reports examples wherein the corrosion of the steel reinforcing bars severely affected the concrete element durability. Five examples wherein the steel reinforcing bars got prematurely corroded, acting as an internal clock bomb for concrete element durability, are reported. It is questioned if the steel reinforcing bars were structurally (un)necessary and if (in)appropriate construction practices were used. Alternative solutions for higher durability are proposed. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. Keywords: Clock bomb, Corrosion, Concrete; Durability, Steel reinforcing bar. Ma ab ves b The Authors. Published by Else w under responsibility 17. Clock © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. In today's soci ty, there is a great r awareness of sustainability, whether economically or environmentally. Due to its characteristics, construction industry plays an important role on sustainability, wherein the concrete performance (mainly durability) is the key factor. Being aware that the production of 1 ton of clinker releases approximately 865 Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract 1. Introduction

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 291 209 400; fax: + 351 291 209 410. E-mail address: linomaia@fe.up.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.082 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017.