PSI - Issue 5

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com cienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 5 (2017) 785–792 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Lock-In Thermographic Stress Analysis of notched and unnotched specimen under alternating loads Ralf Urbanek*, Jürgen Bär University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich, Institute of Materials Science, D-85577 Neubiberg Thermo-elastic Stress Analysis (TSA) is a contact free infrared imaging method to measure stress fields. In fatigue experiments, the elastic effects are connected with the loading frequency. The Lock-In TSA uses this connection to reduce noise and other bothering effects by relying on the load g frequency (fundamental frequency) an pending higher mult ple of the loading frequency (higher harmonic frequencies) by filtering with a discrete Fourier transformation (dft). This filtering leads to a spectrum of temperature amplitudes and corresponding phase shifts. The local stress is computed out of this spectrum via the thermo-elastic effect mentioned by Lord Thomson (Thompson 1853). The higher modes can be referred to dissipative effects [2]. The phase values describe the shift between the loading maximum and the local stress maximum. The TSA measurements requires local adiabatic conditions and these depend on the loading frequency and existing local gradients. Furthermore, thermographic measurements depend on the quality of the surface emissivity. The coating of the specimen, its thickness and uniformity influence the results of the TSA. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. Keywords: Thermo-elastic Stress Analysis (TSA), Lock-In, 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Lock-In Thermographic Stress Analysis of notched and unnotched specimen under alternating loads Ralf Urbanek*, Jürgen Bär University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich, Institute of Materials Science, D-85577 Neubiberg Abstract Thermo-elastic Stress Analysis (TSA) is a contact e infrared imaging method to measure stress fields. In fatigue experiments, the elastic e fects are con ected with the loading frequency. The Lock-In TSA uses this con ection to reduce n ise and other bothering effects by relying on the loading fr quency (fundam ntal frequency) and depending gher multiple of the loading frequency (higher harmonic frequencies) by filtering with a discrete Fourier transformati n (df ). This filtering leads to a spectrum o temp rature amplitudes and c rresponding phase shifts. The local stress is comput out of this spectrum via the thermo-elastic effect mentioned y Lord T omson (Thompson 1853). The highe modes can be referred to dissipative effects [2]. The phase values describe the shift between the loading maximum a the local str s maximum. The TSA m asure ents requires local adiabatic conditions and these depend on th loading frequency and existing local gradients. Furthermore, thermographic measur m nts depend on the quality of the surface emissivity. The coating of the specimen, its thickness and uniformity influence the results of the TSA. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. Keywords: Thermo-elastic Stress Analysis (TSA), Lock-In, © 2017 The Authors. Published y Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Stress measurement with thermography is closely connected to the technical progress although the physical principles have been a known fact for a long time. William Herschel discovered the thermal radiation of the sun and 1. Introduction and motivation Stress measur ment with therm graphy is closely connected to the technical progress although the physical principles have been a known fact for a long time. William Herschel discovered the thermal radiation of the sun and Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract 1. Introduction and motivation

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: ralf.urbanek@unibw.de * Correspon ing author. E-mail address: ralf.urbanek@unibw.de

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.170 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452 3216 © 2017 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017.