PSI - Issue 5

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 5 (2017) 1043–105 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Toughness tests on steels from old railway bridges Hołowaty J. * West Pomeranian University of Technology, al. Piastów 50, Szczecin 71-311, Poland The results of impact energy (Charpy) measurement on steels from five railway bridges built from 1875 to 1930 are presented. Data for the bridges, the chemical and tensile properties of their steels and the results of the impact energy tests are also given. The impact tests were conducted on Charpy-V specimens. The ductile-to-brittle transition temperature was assessed. The low values of impact toughness a minus temperatures are characteristic for old iveted steel st uctur s with a long period of service. To calculate the effect of natural ageing on the steels, tests were carried out on specimens treated by normalizing. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. Keywords: Railway bridge, riveted bridge, assessment, fracture, durability; 1. Introduction Toughness of steel describes its ability to absorb energy and deform plastic lly without fracture. Modern st els show the high toughness values required for welded structures; this is not the case for steels in old railway bridges with a lengthy period of operation. However, when assessing the load capacity of existing bridges, neither are all the mechanical test results for the bridge material taken into account nor is the material ’s level of degradation. Early structural steels used in bridge structures are of different types due to differential chemical composition and strength. The results of impact strength tests give relatively low values. Toughness resistance in the riveted members is unclear and difficult to predict but is generally considered to be not fracture critical. In the paper, a simulation of initial toughnes properties by normalizing is des gned to assess changes in material impact strength due to ageing. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Toughness tests on steels from old railway bridges Hołowaty J. * West Pomeranian University of Technology, al. Piastów 50, Szczecin 71-311, Poland Abstract The results of impac energy (Charpy) measurem nt on steels from five railway bridges built from 1875 to 1930 are presented. Dat for the bridges, the chemical and tensile properties of their steels and the results of the impact energy te ts are als gi en. The ests w re conducted on Charpy-V sp cimen . The d ctile-to-brittle transit on temperature was as essed. The low v ue of impact tough ess t minus temperature are characterist c f r old riveted steel structures with lo period of service. To calculate the effect of natural ageing on the steels, tests were carried out on specimens treated by normalizing. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. Keywords: Railway bridge, riveted bridge, assessment, fracture, durability; 1. Introduction Tou hness f steel describ s its ability to absorb en rgy and deform plastically without fracture. Modern steels sh w the high toug ness values required for elded structures; this is not the case for steels in old railway bridges with a lengthy period of peration. However, when assessing the load capacity of existing bridges, neither are all the mechanical test results for the bridge material taken into account nor is the material ’s level of degradation. Early structural steels used in bridge structur s are of different types due to differential chemical composition and strength. The results of impact strength tests give relatively low values. Toughn ss resistance in the riveted embers is uncle r and difficult to pr dict but is generally considered to be not fracture critical. In the paper, a simulation of initial toughness properties by normalizing is designed to assess changes in material impact strength due to ageing. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +48 603 116 273; fax: +48 91 4844451. E-mail address: janusz.holowaty@zut.edu.pl * Correspon ing author. Tel.: +48 603 116 273; fax: +48 91 4844451. E-mail address: janusz.holowaty@zut.edu.pl

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.067 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452 3216 © 2017 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017.