PSI - Issue 5

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 P o edi Structural Integr ty 5 (2017) 48–54 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Tagus river centenarian steel bridges’ rehabilitation Mafalda Monteiro a , Vítor Brito b , Tiago Mendonça c * a,b,c BETAR Consultores Lda, Lisboa, PortugalB Abstract This paper refers to the rehabilitation design projects and undertaken works of three centenarian steel/ iron bridges executed in Portugal and belonging to the national road network, namely Abrantes’ Bridge, Belver’s Bridge and Chamusca’s Bridge the three of them crossing the Tagus river. Their typology is basically a steel deck executed in steel or iron elements with rivets that are connected in trusses. These three examples cover upper and lower decks. The original platforms were generally made of wood and lat ly we changed to reinforced concret slabs to meet traffic necess tie . The decks ar suppo ted by piers and abutments made of masonry as well as wing walls wh n existing. In this paper each bridge is analysed in detail, highlighti g its ai anomalies which distinguish it situation from the other ones and th purpose of the repair and the reinforcement works that were prescribed. The existing situation before the intervention is characterized through bridge inspections both principals and special and also through the main conclusions obtained from laboratory tests over samples extracted from precise points of the structures. The hypotheses for the intervention in order to upgrade each structure to actual regulatory actions are discussed in terms of (i) present restraints, (ii) difficulties of execution due to the lack of resistance of existing materials (for instance non-weldable iron) or particular geometry of the elements or complex connections involving composite members and rivets or even (iii) aesthetics issues regarding patrimonial heritage. Important factors and curiosities observed during their rehabilitation design and works are also summarized. Namely the case of global reinforcement of a structure achieved with the reformulation of the external pre-stress and the elimination of joints in the upper slab and also the case of reinforcement of a non-ductile structure to the seismic action. The paper ends with a brief conclusion about the major problems that affect this kind of structures though their long existence: the nature of their constitution, the original conceptual design and the influence of its assumptions in the global behaviour of the structures, the difficulty to estimate quantities of repair in the early stages of the intervention (during project time) where no pickling 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Tagus river centenarian steel bridg s’ rehabilitation Mafalda Monteiro a , Vítor Brito b , Tiago Mendonça c * a,b,c BETAR Consultores Lda, Lisboa, Portu alB This paper refers to the rehabilitation design projects and undertaken works of three centenarian steel/ iron bridges executed in Portugal and belonging t the national road network, namely Abrantes’ Bridge, Belver’s Bridge and Chamusca’s Bridge the three of them crossing the Tagus river. Their typology is basically a steel deck executed in steel or iron elements with rivets that are connected in trusses. These three examples cover upper and lower decks. The original platforms were generally made of wood and lately were changed to reinforced concrete slabs to meet traffic necessities. The decks are supported by piers and abutments made of masonry as well as wing walls when existing. In this paper each bridge is analysed in detail, highlighting its main anomalies which distinguish it situation from the other ones and the purpose of the repair and the reinforcement works that were prescribed. The existing situation before the intervention is characterized through bridge inspections both principals and special and also through the main conclusions obtained from laboratory tests over samples extracted from precise points of the structures. The hypotheses for the intervention in order to upgrade each structure to actual regulatory actions are discussed in terms of (i) present restraints, (ii) difficulties of execution due to the lack of resistance of existing materials (for instance non-weldable iron) or particular geometry of the elements or complex connections involving composite members and rivets or even (iii) aesthetics issues regarding patrimonial heritage. Important factors and curiosities observed during their rehabilitation design and works are also summarized. Namely the case of global reinforcement of a structure achieved with the reformulation of the external pre-stress and the elimination of joints in the upper slab and also the case of reinforcement of a non-ductile structure to the seismic action. The pap r ends with a brief conclusion about the major probl ms that affect this kind of structures though their long existence: the nature of their constitution, the original conceptual design and the influence of its assumptions in the global behaviour of the structures, the difficulty to estimate quantities of repair in the early stages f the intervention (during project time) where no pickling © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.061 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. P blished by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 21 782 61 10. E-mail address: Consultores@betar.pt * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 21 782 61 10. E-mail address: Consultores@betar.pt