PSI - Issue 5

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 5 (2017) 1439–1445 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Stress Corrosion Cracking of Progressively Cold-Drawn Pearlitic Steels: From Tintoretto to Picasso Jesús Toribio* Fracture & Structural Integrity Research Group (FSIRG), University of Salamanca (USAL) E.P.S., Campus Viriato, Avda. Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain Abstract Progr ssive cold drawing in eutectoid steels produces a preferential orientation of th pearlitic microstructure in the wire axi r drawing direction. This affects the posterior behaviour of the steels under conditions of stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The experimental results show that cold drawing induces strength anisotropy in the steel, and thus the resistance to SCC is a directional property that depends on the angle in relation to the drawing direction. Therefore, an initial transverse crack changes its propagation direction to approach that of the wire axis, thus producing mixed mode propagation, the deflection angle being an increasing function of the cold drawing degree. This experimental result may be explained by micro-mechanical considerations on the basis of the lamellar microstructure of the steels. A relationship is established between the microstructural angles and the deflection angles of the macroscopic SCC crack, thus providing a materials science type relationship between the microstructure and the macroscopic crack paths with regard to hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) associated with the cathodic regime and in the matter of localised anodic dissolution (LAD) linked to the anodic regime. Whereas in hot rolled (not cold drawn at all) and slightly drawn steels the phenomenon of SCC develops in mode I, i.e., the SCC crack is a straight line linked with the classical linear perspective painting by Tintoretto , in the case of heavily drawn steels, the SCC deflected crack is a polygonal line associated with the multi perspective cubist painting by Picasso , these conclusions being valid for both HAC and LAD. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Els vier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Stress Corrosion Cracking of Progressively Cold-Drawn Pearlitic Steels: From Tintoretto to Picasso Jesús Toribio* Fracture & Structural Integrity Research Group (FSIRG), University of al manca (USAL) E.P.S., Campus Viriato, Avda. Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain Abstract P ogressive cold draw ng in eutectoid els produces a preferen ia orientation of the pearlitic mic ostructure in the wire axis or drawing direction. This affec s the posterior behaviour of the steels under conditio s of stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The experiment l r sults how th t cold d awing induces stre th anisotropy in the steel, and thus the esist nce to SCC a directional property that de ends on the angl in l tion o the drawing direction. Th refore, an nitial transv rse crack changes its propag t on directi to appr ach that of the wire axis, thus producing mixed mode propagation, the deflection angle being an incr asing function of the cold drawing degree. This experimental result may be explained by micro-mechanical co siderations on the basis of the lamellar microstru ture of the steels. A relationship is established between the microstructural angles and the deflection angles of the macroscopic SCC crack, thus providing a materials science type relationship between the microstructure and the macroscopic crack paths w th regard to hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) associated with he cathodic regime and n the m tter of localised a dic diss lution (LAD) linked to the anodic regime. Where s in hot roll d (not cold drawn t all) and slightly drawn steels the phenomenon of SCC d velops in mode I, i.e., the SCC crack is a straight line linked with the cla sic l linear perspective ainting by Tintoretto , i the case of heavily drawn steels, the SCC deflected crack is a polygonal line associated with the multi perspective cubist painting by Picasso , these conclusions being valid for both HAC and LAD. © 2017 The Autho s. Publ shed by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsib lity of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: eutectoi steel; restressing steel; pearlitic steel; cold drawing; microstructural evolution; microstructural orientation; pearlite intelamellar spacing decrease; stress corrosion cracking; localized anodic dissolution, hydrogen assisted cracking. Keywords: eute toid steel; pre tr ing steel; pearlitic steel; cold rawing; microstructural evolution; microstructural orientation; pearlite intelamellar spacing decrease; stress corrosion cracking; localized anodic dissolution, hydrogen assisted cracking. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +34-980-545000; fax: +34-980-545002 E-mail address: toribio@usal.es * Correspon ing author. Tel.: +34-980-545000; fax: +34-980-545002 E-mail address: toribio@usal.es

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.209 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452 3216 © 2017 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017.