PSI - Issue 5

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 5 (2017) 659–666 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 il l li t . i ir t. tr t r l I t rit r i ( )

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Optimal Cruciform Specimen Design Using the Direct Multi-search Method and Design Variable Influence Study R. Baptista a,b , R. A. Claudio a,b , L. Reis b , J. F. A. Madeira b,c , M. Freitas b * a CDP2T, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2914-508 Setúbal, Portugal b LAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. c Department of Mathematics, ISEL, IPL, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1949-014 Lisboa, Portugal. Nowadays the development of new testing machines and the optimization of new specimen geometries are two very demanding activities. In order to study complex material stress and strain distributions, as in-plane biaxial loading, one must develop new technical solutions. A new type of testing machine has been developed by the present authors, for the fatigue testing of cruciform specimens, but the low capacity of the testing machine requires the optimization of the specimen in order to achieve higher but uniform stress and strain distributions on the specimen cent r. In this pap r, the authors describe the procedure to optimize one possible geom try for cruciform specimens, able to determi e the fatig e initiation life of material subjected to ut of phas in plane biaxial fatigue loadings. The high number of design variables were optimized using the direct multi-search metho , considering two objective functions, the stress level on the specimen center and the uniformity of th strain distribution on a 1.0 mm radius of the specimen center. Several Pareto Fronts were obtained for different material thickness, considering the commercially available sheet metal thickness. With the optimal solution, the influence of every design variable was studied in order to provide others with a powerful tool that allows selecting the optimal geometry for the desired application. The results are presented in the form of design equations considering that the main design variable, the material thickness, was chosen from a Renard series of preferred numbers. The end user is then able to configure the optimal specimen for the required fatigue test. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. ei , i e i e M t h I R. Baptista a, , R. A. Claudio a, L e , a , I stit t lit i t l, s I , Estefanilha, 2914-508 Setúbal, Port l b , I , I stit t eri r é i , i rsit f is o , v. o is ais, 4 - is , rt l. c rt t f t ti s, I , I , s l ir í i rr , - is , rt l. A t t t l t f t ti i t ti i ti f i tri r t r i ti iti . I r r t t l t ri l tr tr i i tri ti , i - l i i l l i , t l t i al ol ti . t f t ti i l t r t t r , f r t f ti t ti f r if r i , t t l it f t t ti i r ir t ti i ti f t i i r r t i i r t ifo m tres a d tr i i tri ti o t pe i t r. I t i r, t utho e ri t pr e r to ti iz i l e tr f r cru if r i , a le t d t rmi t e f tig initi tion life of t ri l j t t ut of has in l bi al fatig l i . he ig r f d i n vari l r o ti iz si t ire t m l i- r m t , id ri tw j ti fu ti , t tre s l l on t i e t r th if r it f t tr in i tri ti a .0 r i f th i n ter. r l r t Fr nt r t i f r iff r t teri l t i , co i rin t r i lly il l sheet t l t i s. it th ti l l ti , t i fl of r ign ri l tudi i r r t r i e ot r ith rful t l t t allo l ti t ti l try for the desired application. The results are re ent d i t f r f si ti n i ri t t t ai desi varia l , t t ri l t i n ss, was chosen from a Renard ri s f r f rr r . r i t l t fi r t ti l i f r t r ir f ti t t. h Aut rs. Published by Elsevier B.V. r-r vie er re p n ibilit f t ci ntific itt e f I I . © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: Optimization; Cruciform Specimen; Fatigue Initiation Life; Pareto Fronts; Renard Series. Keywords: ti i ti ; r if r i ; ti I iti ti if ; r t r ts; r ri s. Abstract

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 265 790 000; fax: +351 265 790 043. E-mail address: ricardo.baptista@estsetubal.ips.pt i t r. l.: ; f : . - il r ss: ri r . tist sts t l.i s. t rr s

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.037 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. ls i r . . r-r vi r r nsibility f t i tifi itt f I I . 5 - t rs. lis