PSI - Issue 44

Alberto Castellani et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 19–26 A.Castellani / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000

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of the peaks. A similar remark can be made for rotations, measured by PRV/PGA. There have been more than 80 significant seismic events in California in the last two centuries. In recent times, multiple records have been collected, during singular seism. For a given earthquake magnitude, the dispersion of acceleration records would be similar to that in Table 1. Structural codes in California and Italy have been periodically updated, following the relevant observations after the occurrence of an earthquake. As a concluding remark about the usefulness of the DAIs, the design Response spectrum in each region should incorporate the dispersion of data, likely to occur. It is a management process already established for wind effects, concrete and steel aging, resistance of materials. This dispersion is linked to crude data. Independent from the above observation, excitation provided by rotation may be marginally meaningful for common buildings, but basically significant for chimneys, tall buildings, and bridge piers. For common buildings, it could be assumed that the effects of rotations would be incorporated within the dispersion of values regarding the response spectrum. However, for tall slender structures, as chimneys, tall buildings, and bridge piers, regulations should take rotations explicitly into account. References Housner, G. W. 1959 Behaviour of Structures during Earthquakes, J. Eng. Mech. Div. ASCE 85, 109-129 1959. Liu C., H. Bor-Shouh, Lee W. H. K., and Lin Chin,J., 2009, Observing Rotational and Translational Ground Motions at the HGSD Station in Taiwan from 2004 to 2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ; May 2009; v. 99; no. 2B. Spudich, P., Steck L., K., Hellweg M., Fletcher J., B., Baker L. M., 1995, “Transient stresses at Parkfield, California, produced by the M 7.4 earthquake of June 28, 1992: Observations from the UPSAR dense seismograph array”, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 100, n° B1, pp 675-690. Castellani A., Zembaty Z., 1996, Comparison between earthquake rotation spectra obtained by different experimental sources, Engineering Structures. August 1996, vol.18, n 8, pp 597-603. Takeo, M. (1998). Ground rotational motions recorded in near-source region of earthquakes, Geophys. Res. Letters 25, 789–792. Kawakami H., Sharma S., 1999, “Statistical Study of Spatial Variation of Response Spectrum Using Free Field Records of Dense Strong Motion Arrays”, Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn. 28, 1273-1294. Berge.T., Cotton F, Scotti O, Griot-Pomniera DA, Fukushima Y., 2003 New empirical spectral response attenuation laws for moderate European earthquakes. J Earthq Eng 7(2):193–222. Bommer J, Douglas J, Strasser FO .2003 Style-of-faulting in ground-motion prediction equations. Bull Eart Eng 1:171–2003. Igel, H., Cochard A., Wassermann J., Flaws A., Schreiber U., Velikoseltsev A., and Pham Dim N., 2007, “Broad-band observations of earthquake induced rotational ground motions”. Geophys. J. Int., 168, 182–196. Todorovska, M.I., Igel, H., Trifunac, M.D., and Lee, W.H.K., 2008, Rotational Earthquake Motions International Working Group and its Activities, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China. Paolucci R., Smerzini. C. De La Puente,. Käser M,Igel H., Castellani A., 2009. Study of rotational ground motion in the near field region. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 99, No. 2B, p.p. 1271–1286, May 2009, doi: 10.1785/01200801537. Di Giulio G., Marzorati S., Bergamaschi F., Bordoni P.1, Cara F. Cogliano R., Cultrera G.,Fodarella A., Luzi L., Milana G., Pucillo S., Riccio G., 2010 Local variability of the ground shaking:the case study of Onna and Monticchio Villages – Mw 6.3 Emergeo Working Group, 2010. Compagnoni M., Pergalani F., Boncio P., 2011 Microzonation in the Paganica-San Gregorio area affected by the April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (central Italy) and implications for the reconstruction.Bull Earthquake Eng (2011) 9:181–198 DOI 10.1007/s10518-010-9226-2. Castellani,A., 2017 Array-derived rotational seismic motions: revisited. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 10.1007/s10518-016-9986-4. Basu,D., Vats F., Panchal A., 2022, Multicomponent directional ‐ cum ‐ modal combination rule for seismic analysis: Theory and illustrations, 2022. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. DOI:10.1002/eqe.3669. Lee WHK, Celebi M, Todorovska MI, Igel H (2009) Introduction to the special issue on rotational seismology and engineering applications. Bull Seismol Soc Am 99:945–957. doi:10.1785/0120080344 Spudich P, Fletcher JB (2008) Observation and prediction of dynamic ground strains, tilts, and torsions caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California,earthquake and aftershocks, derived from UPSAR array observations. Bull Seismol Soc Am 98:1898–1914.doi:10.1785/01200701 Smerzini C, Paolucci R., Earthquake-induced transient ground strains from dense seismic networks." Earthquake Spectra vol. 24, May 2008, 453 470 Basu D, Whittaker A., Constantinou C.M., Characterizing the Rotational Components of Earthquake Ground Motion, ISSN 152-2950 MCEER.