PSI - Issue 44

Ingrid Boem et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 2238–2245 I. Boem, B. Patzák, A. Kohoutková / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000

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simplified model did not take into account possible sliding between the layers or shear damage through the masonry thickness. However, the numerical study proved the good reliability of the simplified modelling approach in investigating CRM strengthened masonry subjected to both in-plane and out-of-plane actions. In fact, it is highlighted that the characteristics of the materials were not modified or adapted specifically in each simulation, to capture the experimental result, but were previously calibrated on the basis of other independent experimental tests and then maintained constant. Moreover, even based on monotonic analysis, a good agreement with the cyclic loading experimental envelope curves was found. The smeared crack approach and the coarse meshing obviously did not allow to detect with precision the crack pattern, but the location of the main plasticized areas was achieved, permitting to distinguish the main types of collapse in CRM strengthened masonry elements. Lastly, when evaluating the reliability of the models through comparison with the experimental tests, it must also be remembered that only one test was available for each configuration; therefore, the experimental results did not reveal the intrinsic variability related e.g. to the mechanical and geometrical materials characteristics. As next steps of research, extensive sensitivity analyses will permit to investigate on the performances of CRM strengthened masonry elements (by varying, for example, the masonry type and thickness, the reinforcement ratio, the mortar coating type, the stress level and the boundary conditions), so to provide a robust database for the estimation of their resistance and displacement capacities. Moreover, the application of the multi-layer modelling approach to entire walls and buildings will also be faced, to validate lumped plasticity models for CRM strengthened structures. Acknowledgements The project “conFiRMa” has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement n.101003410 (WF-02-2019). The authors wish to thank prof. N. Gattesco (University of Trieste) for sharing the experimental results herein used for comparison. References Boem, I., Gattesco, N., 2021. Rehabilitation of masonry buildings with Fibre Reinforced Mortar: practical design considerations concerning seismic resistance. Key Engineering Materials 898, 1-7. Boem, I., 2020. https://sites.google.com/view/confirmaproject Boem, I., 2022. Characterization of textile-reinforced mortar: state of the art and detailed level modelling with a free open-source finite element code. Journal of Composite for Constructions, Forthcoming , 0.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001240. Boem, I., Patzák, B., Kohoutková, A., 2022a. 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Kouris, L.A.S., Triantafillou, T.C., 2018. State-of-the-art on strengthening of masonry structures with textile reinforced mortar (TRM). Construction and Building Materials, 188, 1221–1233. Patzák, B., 2012. OOFEM— an Object-oriented Simulation Tool for Advanced Modeling of Materials and Structures. Acta Polytechnica 52, 59–66. Patzák, B., 2002. http://www.oofem.org/