PSI - Issue 44

Mariano Ciucci et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 347–354 Mariano Ciucci et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000

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7. Discussion The “smart” application of NaTech management technologies, from early warning to active protection, allows to upgrade the safety conditions of existing industrial plants implemented as a retrofit solution, avoiding heavy and expensive structural actions. At the same time the smart application of technologies allow the effective and reliable design of new industrial plants Taking into account that the earthquake affects the entire plant and the safety systems (as extinguishing water supply and power lines) at the same time, smart technologies allow the simultaneous monitoring and control toward seismic and other natural events. These sensors generally provide an efficient integration into early-warning systems but there are still some issues to be considered and managed: • False alarm and cry-wolf issues (implementation of threshold, for example PGA); • Risk assessment and identification of critical elements (through fragility curves) • Reliability of communication systems, sensors and safety systems in critical and non-common environmental conditions. 8. Conclusions The smart “application” of NaTech management technologies, from early warning to active protection, allows to upgrade the safety conditions of existing industrial plants implemented as a retrofit solution, avoiding heavy and expensive structural actions. A valid way to mitigate seismic risk is structural monitoring. FBG fiber optic sensors can be used in structural monitoring of industrial equipment, especially for critical elements of tanks, to control structural conditions pre, during and post seismic event, also to identify and to quantify damages, and finally to carry out early warning and predictive maintenance operations Smart systems could certainly contribute in reducing risk and mitigate consequences of major accidents allowing an efficient management of NaTech events in their development. Bursi O.S., Paolacci F, Shahin R., Alessandri S., Tondini N., 2016. Seismic Assessment of Petrochemical Piping Systems Using a Performance Based Approach, Journal of Pressure Vessel and Technology, Vol. 138:3 - DOI: 10.1115/1.4032111. Caputo, A.C., Giannini, R., Paolacci, F., 2015. Quantitative Seismic Risk Assessment of Process Plants. State of the Art Review and Directions for Future Research, Proc. ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference PVP 2015 July 19-23, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Ciucci, M., Marino, A., Paolacci, F., Bursi O.S., 2019. Integrated smart seismic risks management (2019) American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division PVP, ASME PVP 2019 Conference, Vol. 8, DOI: 10.1115/PVP2019-94027. D'Amico M, Buratti N., (2019), Observational Seismic Fragility Curves for Steel Cylindrical Tanks. ASME. J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 141(1):010904-010904-14. doi:10.1115/1.4040137. Directive 2012/18/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directive 96/82/EC.Moat, A.M., Morrison, J.T.A., Wong, S., 2000. Performance of industrial facilities during 1999 earthquakes: implications for risk managers. In: EuroConference 2000, “Global Change and Catastrophe Risk Management: Earthquake Risks in Europe”. HAZUS, 2001. Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology. National Institute of Building Science, Risk Management Solution, Menlo Park, CA, USA. Marino, A., Ciucci, M., Paolacci, F., 2017. Smart technologies for integrated natural risk management: Innovative methodologies and remote sensing (2017) American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division PVP, ASME PVP 2018 Conference, Vol. 8, DOI:10.1115/PVP2017-66198. Phan H.N, Paolacci F., Corritore D., Alessandri S., 2018. Seismic vulnerability analysis of storage tanks for oil and gas industry, Science & technologies-oil and oil products pipeline transportation, Vol.8:2, pp. 161-171, DOI: 10.28999/2541-9595-2018-8-2-161-171. STREST, 2016. Harmonized approach to stress tests for critical infrastructures against natural hazards. In: Tsionis, G., Pinto, A., Giardini, D., Mignan, A. (Eds.), Report on lessons learned from recent catastrophic events, http://dx.doi.org/10.2788/17066. References