PSI - Issue 44

Paola Sorrentino et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 1308–1315 Paola Sorrentino et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000

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1. Introduction

In Italy, many R.C. buildings date back to 1950’s-70’s and are characterized by structures designed only to vertical loads (GLD), preceding the introduction of seismic codes. Some of these buildings are located in areas that were considered non-seismic zone according to previous seismic classification. In accordance to the earliest seismic classifications, the whole country was not classified as seismic area entirely. In the years, however, this classification has been modified, after the seismic events occurred in Italy. In the current building code (NTC 18), as already established in the 2003 classification, the whole Nation is classified as seismic but the concept of classification based on only 4 seismic zones has been abandoned nowadays. Seismic parameters upgrade constantly: resulting from seismic hazard analysis, they are exploited and estimated for each site in Italy, according to a regular grid of nodes (Iervolino et al., 2009). Nowadays, considering the ancientness of Italian building heritage, the issue of the reduction of seismic risk in has become very important. In this context, the study of gravity-load design of reinforced building (GDL) is a really interesting issue as they are representative of most of the existing Italian buildings. In Parisi M.A. et al. (2013) 2001 ISTAT data has been examined and it is shown that the largest number of r. c. buildings were built in the postwar years (60-70s) and that the number of new buildings has had a decrease. In this paper the seismic vulnerability of a building of Olympic Village by Luigi Moretti in Rome has been evaluated, being a considerable example of gravity-load designed building of 1960s, which respects the “five points of modern architecture” by Le Corbusier. Although the inadequacy of the previous seismic codes, as the building is designed according to the state-of-the-art and located in a low seismic area, it is characterized by low seismic vulnerability, even if designed only to gravity loads. 2. Olympic Village of Luigi Moretti in Rome The Olympic Village was built between 1958 and 1960 in Rome and is located in the bay that the Tevere river forms to the North of the city. In 1955, because of the XVII Olympics scheduled in Rome, there was the need to build adequate sports facilities, as well as to host about 10,000 people including athletes, organizers, coaches and press representatives. A “village” was built with the aim of hosting athletes primarily, providing them with the greatest possible well-being, and secondly to offer a home to many families by taking advantage of the buildings built. Its construction was entrusted to the Public Institution INCIS (Istituto Nazionale per le Case agli Impiegati dello Stato). For the design, the Ministry of Public Works appointed a group of 5 architects, the best known of the time, V. Cafiero, A. Libera, A. Luccichenti, V. Monaco and L. Moretti. The Municipality made available a plot of approximately 35 he, of which 16 earmarked for green spaces, 12 for streets and squares and 7 for residences; on this plot, the designers created a solution that is configured as a fusion between the "five points of modern architecture” by Le Corbusier and the construction techniques and architectural forms of the Italian tradition. The buildings have variable height from 2 to 5 stories, characterized by free plans on the ground floors and by the presence of pilotis. The frames are arranged only in the transverse direction and distance between frames axes is of 5 6 m in longitudinal direction and 7-11 m transversally. The columns are positioned backward from the facades. The presence of pilotis, the free design of the ground plan, the free design of the façade, the horizontal windows are clear reference to the five points of architecture by Le Corbusier (1927). The set of columns gives a light gray tone that harmonizes with the dominant color of the buildings and the green spaces. In addition, the windows, which in most cases are ribbon windows, form horizontal bands on the façades and offer a pleasant harmony of colors, with the green of the lawns and the gray of the concrete. The apartments are 1,348 and vary in size from 45 m 2 to 170 m 2 . They are able to accommodate a population of just over 5,000 inhabitants, if we calculate 4 inhabitants per apartment, of 7,000 if we consider 5 inhabitants per apartment (Buzzi, L., 1960).