PSI - Issue 44

Gianmarco de Felice et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 2122–2127 G. de Felice / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000

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5. Conclusions The paper presented an integrated approach for the study of local collapse mechanisms in a historic masonry church. The methodology was applied to the Romanesque church of St. Maria Maggiore in Tuscania, Italy. The Distinct Element Method (DEM) permitted the precise representation of the geometry of the structure, as well as blocks shape and arrangement, and of the interlocking between orthogonal walls. Furthermore, the method allowed to follow the development of the collapse mechanisms during pushover analyses, by also catching sliding and disaggregation phenomena. The capacity curves gained could be converted into spectral coordinates, by using an equivalent Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) system, in order to compare the acceleration capacity and the displacement capacity of the structure to the seismic demand of the site, as suggested in the Italian building code (DM 17/01/2018). Retrofitting solutions could be proposed, and their effectiveness evaluated by adjusting the DEM models and re performing the pushover analyses. Furthermore, with the aim of making the analysis procedure even more automatic, an improvement of the proposed methodology is currently under development, which includes the completely automatic reproduction of masonry morphology through edge detection techniques. Acknowledgements This work was carried out within the Research Project “DPC -R eLUIS” (Years 2022 -2023) funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. Funding is also acknowledged from Regione Lazio, within the Research Projects “RIPARA” (Years 2022 -2023, Protocol N. 305-2020-35586) and “STAND” (Years 2021-2022, Protocol N. 1810), and from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), in the frame of the Department of Excellence Initiative 2018-2022, attributed to the Department of Engineering of Roma Tre University. References Cundall, P.A., 1971. Computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in blocky rock systems. Symposium of International Society of Rock Mechanics, Nancy 1(II-8). de Felice, G., 2011. Out-of-plane seismic capacity of masonry depending on wall section morphology. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 5, 466–482. de Felice, G., Fugger, R., Gobbin, F., 2022. Overturning of the façade in single-nave churches under seismic loading. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 20, 941–962. Gobbin, F., de Felice, G., Lemos, J.V., 2021. Numerical procedures for the analysis of collapse mechanisms of masonry structures using discrete element modelling, Engineering Structures 246, 113047. Heyman, J., 1966. The stone skeleton, International Journal of Solids and Structures 2, 249–279. Itasca, 2019. UDEC Manual. Version 6.0. Minneapolis, MN: Itasca Consulting Group. Lagomarsino, S., Podesta`, S., 2004. Seismic vulnerability of ancient churches: I. Damage assessment and emergency planning. Earthquake Spectra 20 (2). Lemos, J.V., 2007. Discrete Element Modelling of Masonry Structures. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 1, 190-213. Loverdos, D., Sarhosis, V., Adamopoulos, E., Drougkas, A., 2021. An innovative image processing-based framework for the numerical modelling of cracked masonry structures. Automation in Construction 125, 103633. MBAC, 2011. Linee guida per la valutazione e la riduzione del rischio sismico del patrimonio culturale con riferimento alle Norme tecniche delle costruzioni di cui al decreto del Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei trasporti del 14 gennaio 2008. Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali. (in Italian). Meriggi, P., de Felice, G., De Santis, S., Gobbin, F., Mordanova, A., Pantò, B., 2019. Distinct element modelling of masonry walls under out-of plane seismic loading. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 13(7), 1110-1123. MIT, 2018. Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni approvate con Decreto Ministeriale 17 gennaio 2018. Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasnporti., 2018. (in Italian). Mordanova, A., de Felice G.; 2020. Seismic assessment of archaeological heritage using discrete element method. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 14(3), 345-357. Penna, A., Calderini, C., Sorrentino, L., Carocci, C., Cescatti, E., Sisti, R., Borri, A., Modena, C., Prota, A., 2019. Damage to churches in the 2016 central Italy earthquakes. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17, 5763–5790. Sorrentino, L., D’Ayala, D., de Felice, G., Griffith, M., Lagomarsino, S., Magenes, G., 2017. Review of out-of-plane seismic assessment techniques applied to existing masonry buildings. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 11(1), 2–21. Tondelli, M., Beyer, K., DeJong, M., 2016. Influence of boundary conditions on the out-of-plane response of brick masonry walls in buildings with RC slabs. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 45(8), 1337-1356.