PSI - Issue 44

Lucia Minnucci et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 729–736 Lucia Minnucci/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000

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Results about the indirect cost TTC and TPC indexes are here briefly commented. Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b) compare total costs associated to the absence or the presence of intervention works along the network for the entire duration of each recovery phase. It comes out that the lengthening of the travel time due to the interruptions and traffic limitations implies up to a doubling of the costs associated to the expenses for fuels (TTC) and more than a doubling in case of pollutant emissions (TPC) for the traffic volume expected on the network. In the latter case, results for the emissions of carbon monoxide CO are shown.

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Fig. 5. Application: (a) Total Traffic Costs (TTCs) and Total Pollutant Costs (TPCs) for the considered recovery scenarios.

4. Conclusions In this paper, a preliminary proposal for a comprehensive framework for the analysis of road networks’ vulnerability is illustrated with the purpose of furnishing a detailed and reliable insight on the performance of existing bridges with regards to the seismic action. The framework includes the concepts of hazard and fragility, introduces innovative cues for the characterization of the bridges’ behaviour in presence of Soil-Structure Interaction phenomena and takes into account the specific structural behaviour of bridge components into the decision-making process after the occurrence of a seismic event. Information deriving from the development of the framework’s steps are suitable for the final quantification of costs associated to consequences on the infrastructural system the examined bridges belong to. An application of the framework is carried out exploiting the methodologies and the results from the hazard and the fragility analysis on the examined regional scenario for the quantification of consequences on a main route of interest. The application offers a starting point to discuss the potential impact of an earthquake occurrence on the damageability and the consequent level of functionality of the SS76 road in the Marche region. The framework is flexible for the analysis of fragility and risk also in case of different natural hazards potentially affecting bridge structures. Future developments of the framework may include aspects linked to the maintenance problem, the degradation phenomena, the use of structural health monitoring techniques and the traffic loads assessment, a major problem in the Italian context of existing infrastructures. Acknowledgements The conception of the framework was supervised by Professor Anastasios Sextos during the research period abroad spent at the Department of Civil Engineering in the School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (CAME) of University of Bristol (UK). The author gratefully acknowledges this scientific support. References Au, S. K., & Beck, J. L. (2003). Subset simulation and its application to seismic risk based on dynamic analysis. Journal of engineering mechanics , 129 (8), 901-917. Baker, J. W. (2015). Efficient analytical fragility function fitting using dynamic structural analysis. Earthquake Spectra , 31 (1), 579-599. Deodatis, G., Ellingwood, B. R., & Frangopol, D. M. (Eds.). (2014). Safety, reliability, risk and life-cycle performance of structures and infrastructures . CRC Press.