PSI - Issue 44

Romina Sisti et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 1848–1855

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Romina Sisti et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000

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Fig. 7. a) External and internal view of the S. Maria Assunta church in Colforcella, Cascia (PG). b) Diagram of a bell gable that rest on structures adjacent to the church; c) A hybrid situations between bell-gable and bell tower. 13. Conclusion The paper deals with the operational critical issue in the compilation of the Italian form for the post-earthquake damage assessment of churches. Data from 225 churches inspected twice by different technicians during the 2016-2017 central Italy seismic sequence were analyzed. The comparison between forms related to the same church has allowed the identification of the most recurring situations in which the assessments of the technicians are not uniform in recognizing the macro-elements in the church and in establishing which are the possible mechanisms. The general outcomes provided by this study are reported in the following: • Greater uniformity in the assessments of the technicians could be achieved if the definition of the macro-elements followed only architectural and structural criteria without considering how the various spaces or elements of the church are used. • Many ambiguous situations could be eliminated by reporting ad hoc examples in the user manual. Indeed, the representative cases currently illustrated in the manual have the sole purpose of clarifying the extent of the damage to be attributed to the various mechanisms, while examples that clarify when a macro-element is present and when the activation of a mechanism is possible, are completely lacking. • Some critical issue could be eliminated by making small changes to the A-DC 2006 form, such as the possibility of indicating whether the vaults are structural or non-structural elements, or the possibility of explicitly using the apse mechanisms to describe the damage of the back wall panel of the church when the apse is absent. • Although the technicians who carry out the inspections on churches are selected as experts in assessing the damage of this type of buildings, many of the critical issues observed highlight the need for specific training with the aim of standardizing the approach adopted in less recurring situations. Acknowledgements This work has been carried out under the financial support of the Italian Department of Civil Protection, within the DPC ReLUIS- 2019–2021. References Calderini, C., Sisti, R., Borzi, B., Speranza, E., Bocchi, F., Di Meo, A., Faravelli, M., Pascale, V., Dolce, M., Prota, A., 2022. Observed Damage Database of past Italian earthquakes (Da.D.O.): extension to Churches. In: Proc. of the 3rd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Bucharest, 4-9 September, 2022. Cescatti, E., Salzano, P., Casapulla, C., Ceroni, F., da Porto, F., Prota, A., 2020. Damages to masonry churches after 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence and definition of fragility curves. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering , 18, 297–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00729-7 Doglioni, F., Moretti, A., Petrini, V., Angeletti, P., 1994. Le chiese e il terremoto. Dalla vulnerabilità constatata nel terremoto del Friuli al miglioramento antisismico nel restauro. Verso una politica di prevenzione. Lint Editoriale Associati, Trieste, Italy D’Ayala, D., Speranza, E., 2003. Definition of collapse mechanisms and seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings. J Earthq Spectra 19(3):479–509 Lagomarsino, S., Cattari, S., Ottonelli, D., Giovinazzi, S., 2019. Earthquake damage assessment of masonry churches: proposal for rapid and detailed forms and derivation of empirical vulnerability curves, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17:3327–3364, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-00542-8 Penna, A., Calderini, C., Sorrentino, L. et al. 2019. Damage to churches in the 2016 central Italy earthquakes. Bull Earthquake Eng 17, 5763–5790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00594-4 DPCM, 2006. Approvazione dei modelli per il rilevamento dei danni, a seguito di eventi calamitosi, ai beni appartenenti al patrimonio culturale. 23 febbraio 2006 (GU Serie Generale n.55 7/03/2006). MiBACT, 2015. Direttiva 23 aprile 2015. Aggiornamento della direttiva 12 dicembre 2013, relativa alle «Procedure per la gestione delle attività di messa in sicurezza e salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale in caso di emergenze derivanti da calamità naturali» (GU Serie Generale n.169 del 23-7-2017). Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, 2011. Manuale per la compilazione della scheda per il rilievo del danno ai beni culturali, Chiese. MODELLOA – DC.