PSI - Issue 44

Gaetana Pacella et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 1324–1331 G. Pacella, A. Sandoli, B. Calderoni, G. Brandonisio/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000

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(WS – conf. A) (RS-conf. C) Fig. 9. Structural configurations adopted: (a) WS conf. A, (b) RS conf. B, (c) RS conf. C (RS-conf. B)

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Fig. 10 Pushover curves for the analyzed cases: (a) WS conf. A-dir. X, (b) WS conf. A-dir. Y, (c) RS conf. B-dir. X, (d) RS conf. B- dir Y

Obviously, the curves show that the overall seismic behavior of the structure is influenced by the modelling criterion adopted for the spandrels, as for the case presented in Sect. 2.1. With regards to the flange effect, to include the transverse walls has influenced positively the global behavior of the structure: for each connection degree represented in Fig. 10, increases of strength and stiffness are resulted passing from the case Without flange to the Large flange. For each analyzed cases, a significant increase of base shear is resulted passing from the case Without flange to the case Small flange, because the change of cross-sectional inertial properties and the amount of axial force is consistent in this latter case; on the contrary, increment of base shear and stiffness recorded passing from Medium and Large flange is reduced. With regards to the ductility no differences are emerged by varying the flange length. Furthermore, a different behavior between the X- and Y-directions resulted from the pushover curves. This depends on the different geometric arrangement of the walls in the two directions, in fact the building has long walls with numerous spandrels in dir. X and slender walls with few spandrels in dir. Y 3. Conclusive remarks This paper investigated some open issues modelling of existing irregular masonry walls affecting the develop of the EF model. With reference to some real case study buildings, the aspects related to modelling of walls with irregular opening layouts, modelling of spandrels and flange effect have been investigated through linear and nonlinear static