PSI - Issue 44

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

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Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 520–527

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy. © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy Keywords: equivalent-frame model; flexible timber diaphragm; nonlinear macroelement; nonlinear static analysis; out-of-plane response; seismic performance; natural stone masonry Abstract This paper discusses the effects of different modeling strategies on the simulated global response of masonr buildings wi h timber diaphragm under earthquake excita ion. The benchmark for this study was rov ded by a u idirectional dynamic shake-table test n a t ree-story, half-scale natural stone masonry building aggregate, incorporating the ain architectural a d struc ural fe tur of the historical c te of B sel (Switzerland). Th glob l esponse of the specimen was simulated through n nlinear static alyses using n equival nt frame appro ch, with nonlinear macroelements f r masonry embers and linear orthotr ic membran s for diaphragms. Three modeling strategies were foll wed. First, an unconventional m deling strategy was adop ed, t implem explicitly the out-of-plane stiffness f walls orthogonal to the shaking directio through a particular combination of equivalent fram s and m mbranes. The seco d ption co sisted of a 3D model with walls in both directions and i ite-stiffness diaphragms, however neglecting the out-of-plane overturning response of walls. In the third case, given thei low stiffness comp red to masonry walls, the timber diaph agms w re considered infinitely flexible and single-wall 2D model were analyzed in th shaki g direction. Numerical capacity curves were compared o experimental backbone curves, showing satisfactory accuracy even when diaphragm and out-of-plane wall stiffness were neglected. © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under CC BY-NC-ND lic nse ( https://creativec mmo s.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy K ywords: quivalent-frame m del; flexible timber diaphragm; nonlinear macroelement; nonlinear static analysis; out-of-plane response; seismic performance; natural stone masonry XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy Global modeling strategies for masonry buildings with timber diaphragms under seismic actions Christian Salvatori a , Gabriele Guerrini a,b, *, Ilaria Senaldi b , Andrea Penna a,b a Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAr), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy b European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE Foundation), Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy Abstract This paper discusses the effects of different modeling strategies on the simulated global response of masonry buildings with timber diaphragms under earthquake excitation. The benchmark for this study was provided by a unidirectional dynamic shake-table test on a three-story, half-scale natural stone masonry building aggregate, incorporating the main architectural and structural features of the historical center of Basel (Switzerland). The global response of the specimen was simulated through nonlinear static analyses using an equivalent frame approach, with nonlinear macroelements for masonry members and linear orthotropic membranes for diaphragms. Three modeling strategies were followed. First, an unconventional modeling strategy was adopted, to implement explicitly the out-of-plane stiffness of walls orthogonal to the shaking direction through a particular combination of equivalent frames and membranes. The second option consisted of a 3D model with walls in both directions and finite-stiffness diaphragms, however neglecting the out-of-plane overturning response of walls. In the third case, given their low stiffness compared to masonry walls, the timber diaphragms were considered infinitely flexible and single-wall 2D models were analyzed in the shaking direction. Numerical capacity curves were compared to experimental backbone curves, showing satisfactory accuracy even when diaphragm and out-of-plane wall stiffness were neglected. XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy Global modeling strategies for masonry buildings with timber diaphragms under seismic actions Christian Salvatori a , Gabriele Guerrini a,b, *, Ilaria Senaldi b , Andrea Penna a,b a Depa tment of Civil E gine ring and Architectur (DICAr), University of Pavia, Vi Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy b European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE Foundation), Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 0382 98 5452 E-mail address: gabriele.guerrini@unipv.it * Correspon ing author. Tel.: +39 0382 98 5452 E-mail address: gabriele.guerrini@unipv.it

2452-3216 © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy 2452-3216 © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access art cle under th CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licens s/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy. 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.01.068