PSI - Issue 41

Abdoullah Namdar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 41 (2022) 403–411 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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altering according to the geogrid–soil interactions and this process is a factor in developing the nonlinear deformation and displacement in the subsoil and embankment as well. In model 2, the installation geogrid beneath the toe of the embankment makes subsoil and embankment more stable. Figure 4 shows the results of the numerical simulation in all loading stages of the applying acceleration to models 1, 2, and 3. Up to 1 (m) of the applying acceleration on the model, all three models are following the same displacement and deformation mechanism. Moreover, until 1.7 (m) of the applying acceleration to models 2 and 3 have the same displacement and deformation. In addition, up to 2 (m), the nonlinear displacement and deformation of models 2 and 3 compared to each other are not changing considerably. In the 2.38 (m), model 2 has maximum displacement and after that model collapses. Figure 4 displays model 1 after the 1.24 (m) of the application acceleration is following very big the nonlinear displacement and deformation, from this recorded data understood the model 1 has high vibration from 1.24 (m) until 2.5 (m). In comparing, the displacement of all three models at loading stages realized that the geogrid improves shear strength of the model and the changing location of the geogrid model modifying the seismic stability of the model. The results of the numerical simulation in all stages of the loading illustrate that the shear strength of the subsoil under the toe of the embankment plays a key role in the vibration mechanism. The risk of collapse of the embankment reduces with identifying the suitable place of the embankment for installation of the geogrid.

Model - 1 Model - 2 Model - 3

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Fig. 4. The nonlinear displacement in the loading stages

Figure 5 shows the results of the numerical simulation in all loading stages of the applying acceleration on models 1, 2, and 3. It has been observed the significant improving of the nonlinear displacement of the model with using the geogrid. Figure 5 demonstrates the nonlinear vibration in model 2 exhibit with lower frequency. To investigate expected the nonlinear displacement value the statistical model was developed. For the first model, the maximum displacement of around 241 (mm) has occurred and it is expected to increase up to 285 (mm). For the second model, the maximum displacement of around 340 (mm) has occurred and it is expected to increase up to 370 (mm). For the third model, the maximum displacement of around 262 (mm) has occurred and it is expected to increase up to 318 (mm).