PSI - Issue 41

Abdoullah Namdar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 41 (2022) 403–411 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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Highlights -

The nonlinear displacement embankment-subsoil model is studied. - The suitable reinforcing of the subsoil enhances the seismic stability of the model. - The allowable deformation of the model increased with appropriate reinforcing soil. - The failure of the model is associated with the flexibility of the model. 1. Introduction

The mechanical properties of the soil support the enhancement of the load serviceability for the soil foundation and earth structure (Namdar and Pelkoo, 2009), when the appropriate mechanical properties of the soil are not available in the construction site, the mixing soil design helps to improve the strength of the soil foundation (Namdar and Xiong, 2014). The mixing soil design has limitations for improving the shear strength of the soil, in these cases, if higher shear strength and stiffness of the soil are required for a project, the reinforcing soil is the optimized method. The reinforcing soil needs to be designed for receiving maximum seismic safety of the soil foundation and transferring the applying load on the structure to the safe places.

Nomenclature E

Modulus elasticity Friction angle Dilatancy angle

ϕ ψ C

Cohesion Unit weight Poisson’s ratio

γ ν

The vertical and horizontal displacements, strain energy density and magnitude, and seismic wave characteristics in geotechnical seismic design received significant attention for application in geotechnical seismic design to enhance seismic stability of the infrastructure (Namdar and Dong, 2019; Namdar, 2021a; Namdar, 2020a). In addition, numerical simulation needs for engineering analysis, design, and decision making. It has been reported seismic resistance of the embankment-subsoil when the model is subjecting to the seismic loading in multi-directions and embankment-subsoil seismic response simulated using advanced nonlinear finite element software (Namdar, 2021b). In the reinforced soil, we have steel bar and soil, the numerical simulation in the soil and steel following two different concepts. The numerical simulation in the metal reported in the literature for investigation on metallurgical and mechanical properties of the manufactured mechanisms, welding, fatigue (Ferro et al., 2018; Ferro et al., 2020; Branco et al., 2019; Foti et al., 2018). In addition, the numerical simulation of the earth structure and substructure the nature of applying loads, boundary condition, and mechanical properties of the soil are very important (Namdar, 2021c; Namdar, 2021d). The concepts of numerical simulation for metal and soil need to use for performing the soil reinforcing numerical simulation to understand the impact of the soil-geogrid interaction on seismic stability of the embankment. After executing the numerical simulation, for interpretation and verification of the results of the numerical simulation statistical modeling needs. The statistical analysis for prediction engineering phenomenon was reported in the literature for assessment compressive strength of quasi-brittle materials, the fatigue strength of the materials, mixed-mode fracture, damage development classification, welding, mixing soil design and substructure embedded in the soil is subjecting to the liquefaction, etc. (Lei et al., 2019; Marsavina et al., 2017; Marsavina et al., 2019; Albinmousa et al., 2020; Song et al., 2018; Namdar, 2020b; Valleti et al., 2018). In reinforcing soil for improving seismic resistance needs to interpret, predict, and comparing all results of the numerical simulation from the finite element method by using statistical modeling for integrating outcome of application. In the present study, an investigation is done to identify the best location in the subsoil for installing the geogrid, to estimate embankment-subsoil nonlinear