PSI - Issue 41

Ericha Dwi Wahyu Syah Putri et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 41 (2022) 266–273 Putri et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000

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1. Introduction Corrosion is a phenomenon of natural damage experienced by metal materials due to interacting with the surrounding environment (Ram et al., 2019; Surojo et al., 2020). Corrosion has caused huge economic losses and harmed human life (Fu et al., 2021; Prabowo et al., 2018). A report from NACE International 2016 shows that the total direct cost of corrosion was ~276 billion US dollars per year or 3.1% gross domestic product (GDP) (Jacobson, 2016; Hou et al., 2017). It means that the cost per person per year was approximately 970 US dollars. Many investigations and research studies have been carried out to treat corrosion that occurs in structural failure. However, this problem is still difficult to control. One form of corrosion that is susceptible to being experienced by structures is local corrosion. There are many types of localized corrosion, including pitting (Zhou et al., 2020), crevice (Aoyama et al., 2017), intergranular corrosion (IGC) (Hu et al., 2020), and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) (Sundar et al., 2016). Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a severe problem in industrial equipment subject to flowing or condensing wet surface films (Rosario et al., 2016). SCC can occur when the material has a crack directly related to mechanical stress, environment, and metal properties (Nyrkova et al., 2020). In order to predict the SCC propagation, it is necessary to explain the parameters that affect the kinetics of the propagation or slow-down of cracks and establish the types of functions (Muhayat et al., 2020). If there is crack propagation in the material and a combination of these three conditions, failure will occur in the structural material. The failure is caused by mechanism SCC cannot be controlled, and the failure time is unpredictable (Nishida, S., 1992). So, this phenomenon is hazardous for human life safety and economic losses in many industries, e.g., marine, oil and gas, nuclear power, and automotive (Fontana M. G., 1987; Surojo et al., 2020; Putri et al., 2020). Some researchers have investigated various industrial failures and related research studies that stress corrosion crack plays a significant role (Nazarova et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2020). Zhuang et al. (2020) studied the characteristics of weld cracking due to stress corrosion cracking of the outlet pipe that occurred during the operation of a low pressure steam super-heater in the purification device. Scott et al. (2019) analyzed the general corrosion and stress corrosion cracking behaviors of the nickel-base Alloy 600 in the primary high-temperature aqueous coolants of light water cooled and moderated nuclear power reactors. Farahani et al. (2019) used the simulated welding of the medium carbon steel pipes by considering the solid-state austenite-martensite transformation and the post-weld heat treatment, which are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. Zou et al. (2017) researched about stress corrosion behavior of CCSE40 welded by underwater wet welding with austenitic welding rod in seawater. One of the stress corrosion cracking phenomena in the welding area can be seen in Fig. 1. Fig 1a shows the phenomenon of crack propagation that occurs in SCC specimens immersed in seawater. In contrast, Figure 1b shows the fracture conditions of SCC specimens that have been subjected to SEM observations.

Fig. 1. A weld cracking due to stress corrosion cracking: a.) on the surface, b.) on the metallographic analysis

Based on previous research, the problem of SCC has already been unsolved until recently. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive information on SCC testing. The report discusses analyzing several SCC testing methods on a laboratory scale. This paper references students and future researchers who want to study the SCC phenomenon.