PSI - Issue 40

Ekaterina A. Kazantseva et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 40 (2022) 207–213 Kazantseva E.A. and Komarova E.G. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000

211

5

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

Fig. 3. (a, d, g) BF TEM and (c, f, i) DF TEM images and (b, e, h) SAED patterns of the particles of the (a-c) MAO coating, (d-f) MAO/PUS coating, (g-i) MAO/US-coating. Fig. 2 shows SEM images of the surface of MAO and UMAO coatings with EDX maps of the element’s distribution. As can be seen in EDX maps, all the elements (Ca, P, Ti, O) are distributed mainly uniformly over the surface of the coating. Small color differences of the areas on the maps could be due to the heterogeneity of the coating s’ relief (average roughness of Ra ~ 3.0 μm (Komarova et.al., 2019, and Kazantseva et.al., 2019). It was well-evident in the oxygen map that the darkened areas corresponded to the hollows (internal pores and external pores between the spheres (Komarova et.al., 2019, and Kazantseva et.al., 2019). The heterogeneity of the coating s’ surface relief at the micro-scale level could have a significant effect on the detection of the oxygen having the lowest energy of characteristic X-ray radiation. As can be seen in Table 1, amounts of elements in all the coatings