PSI - Issue 4

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable online at www.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 P o edi Structural Integr ty 4 (2017) 79–86 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ESIS TC24 Workshop "Integrity of Railway Structures", 24-25 October 2016, Leoben, Austria Investigations to introduce the probability of detection method for ltrasonic inspection of hollow axles at Deutsche Bahn Mato Pavlovic a *, Andreas Zoëga b , Christina Zanotelli a Jochen H. Kurz b a Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany b DB Systemtechnik GmbH, Bahntechnikerring 74, 14774 Brandenburg-Kirchmöser, Germany The vast experience with the automated, ultrasonic system for the inspection of hollow railway axles used by Deutsche Bahn shows that much smaller flaws are detectable than required. This results in a number of false calls. False calls lead to unnecessary demounting and disassembling of wheelsets, which generates unnecessary additional costs. In order to adjust the sensitivity of the inspection system to reduce the number of false calls without compromising safety, the capability of the system to detect cracks needs to be comprehensively established. This capability can be quantified by using probability of detection (POD) curves for the system. The multi-parameter POD model makes it possible to include several factors that influence the crack detection in the analysis. The analysis presented in this paper shows that crack position, orientation, depth extension, and shape as well as the geometry of the axle all have influence on the ultrasonic r sponse amplitude. For future work, calculation of the POD using multi-parameter POD model with these parameters is planned. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. Keywords: Non-destructive testing; NDT; Ultrasonic; Cracks; Reliability; Probability of Detection; POD ESIS TC24 Workshop "Integrity of Railway Structures", 24-25 October 2016, Leoben, Austria Investigations to introduce the probability of detection method for ultrasonic inspection of hollow axles at Deutsche Bahn Mato Pavlovic a *, Andreas Zoëga b , Christina Zanotelli a Jochen H. Kurz b a Bundesanstal für Materialforschung und -prüfu (BAM), Unte den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany b DB Systemtechnik GmbH, Bahntechnikerring 74, 14774 Brandenburg-Kirchmöser, Germany Abstract The vast experience with the automated, ultrasonic system for the inspection of hollow railway axles used by Deutsche Bahn shows that much small r flaws are detectable than required. This results in a number of false calls. False calls lead to unnecessary demounting and disassembling of whe lsets, whi h generates unnecessary additional costs. In order to adjust the sensitivity of the inspection system to reduce the numb r of false c lls without compromising safety, the capability of the system to detect cracks needs o be comprehensively establishe . This capability can be quantified by using probability of detection (POD) curves for t system. The multi-paramet r POD model makes it possible to include several factors that influence the crack detection in t analys s. T e analysis presente i this pap r shows that crack position, ori ntati n, d pth extension, and shape as well as the geom try of t e axle all have influ nce on the ultrasonic response amplitude. Fo future work, calcula ion of the POD using multi-par meter POD model with these parameters is planned. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. Keywords: Non-destructive testing; NDT; Ultrasonic; Cracks; Reliability; Probability of Detection; POD Copyright © 2017. The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. D utsche Bahn uses mechanized ultrason inspec ion systems to inspect hollow railway axles. Currently, about 140 devices are used to inspect more than 130,000 axles per year. Current testing results show that the devices detect even smaller flaws than required by the standard. This oversensitivity is resulting in a number of false calls. Deutsche Bahn uses mechanized ultrasonic inspection systems to inspect hollow railway axles. Currently, about 140 devices are u ed to inspect mor tha 130,000 axles per year. Current testing results show that the devices detect even smaller flaws than required by the standard. This oversensitivity is resulting in a number of false calls. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract 1. Introduction 1. Introduction

* Tel.: +49-30-8104-4616. E-mail address: mato.pavlovic@bam.de * Tel.: +49-30-8104-4616. E-mail address: mato.pavlovic@bam.de

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216 Copyright  2017. The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.002 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452 3216 © 2017 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24.