PSI - Issue 4

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 4 (2017) 106–114 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Sci nceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Insights towards Condition Monitoring of Fixed Railway Crossings Uwe Oßberger a, *; Werner Kollment b , Sven Eck c a voestalpine VAE GmbH, Alpinestraße 1, 8740 Zeltweg, Austria, b Chair of Automation, University of Leoben, Peter-Tunner-Straße 25, 8700 Leoben, Austria, c Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Roseggerstr. 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria Evaluation methods and field trial results in terms of geometry and loading of fixed railway crossings are proposed in this paper. Based on these experiences the fundamentals towards condition monitoring are created to allow predictive maintenance actions. For this, a fixed crossing has been instrumented with strain gauges and installed in track with mixed traffic. The strain gauge signals were recorded in irregular intervals to establish a database for the development of model based condition monitoring. A signal processing chain was developed that shall serve as base for continuous monitoring of crossing nose via strain measurements. To this end a data processing work flow is proposed that enables to monitor changes in the combined system of crossing geometry/ wear and bedding state. To quantify the geometry development of the crossing nose (due wear and plastic deformation) a laser based non-contacting measurement of the crossing geometry has been set up. 2D profiles recorded at predefined positions of the crossing enabled a 3D reconstruction of the crossing geometry. During 30 months in service the geometry of the crossing nose and adjacent regions has been recorded in 3 to 6 months intervals. The superposition of the corresponding 2D profiles and the 3D reconstruction allowed a quantitative measurement of the geometry changes during service. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under r sponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. Keywords: railway, crossing, condition monito ing, strain, geometry, wear 1. Introd ction Currently many railway oper t rs have to deal with the fact that maintenance actions on turnouts are based on a fixed schedule and in many cases the condition is recorded in cost intensive visual inspections. Recent developments in sensor technology and calculation power give new opportunities for railway operators to reduce inspection costs by surveillance systems that report the condition and demand for maintenance actions. In a railway turnout there are two main inspection areas: First, the switch panel with moveable rails and the positioning/ locking devices and second the crossing panel wh re high vertical loading out of impact loads and slip sets high demands on the material. Generally, the material response to loading can be distinguished between plastic deformation, wear or rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and all these mechanisms can lead to a worse transition geometry that demands for maintenance actions. Insights towards Condition Monitoring of Fixed Railway Crossings Uwe Oßberger a, *; Werner Kollment b , Sven Eck c a voestalpine VAE GmbH, Alpinestraße 1, 8740 Zeltweg, Austria, b Chair of Automation, University of Leoben, Peter-Tunner-Straße 25, 8700 Leoben, Austria, c Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Roseggerstr. 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria Abstract Evaluation methods and field trial results in terms of geometry and loading of fixed railway crossings are proposed in this paper. Based on these experiences the fundamentals towards condition monitoring are created to allow predictive maintenance actions. For this, a fixed crossing has be n instrum nted with strain gauges and i stalled i track with mixed traffic. The strain gauge sign ls were recorded in irregular intervals to establish a database for the development of model based condition monitoring. A signal processing chain was developed that shall serve as base for continuous monitoring of crossing nose via strain measurements. To this end a data processing work flow is proposed that enables to monitor changes in the combined system of crossing geometry/ wear and bedding state. To quantify the geometry development of the crossing nose (due wear and plastic deformation) a laser based non-contacting measurement of the crossing geometry has been set up. 2D profiles recorded at predefined positions of the crossing enabled a 3D reconstruction of the crossing geometry. During 30 months in service the geometry of the crossing nose and adjacent regions has been recorded in 3 to 6 months intervals. The superposition of the corresponding 2D profiles and the 3D reconstruction allowed a quantitative measurement of the geometry changes during service. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. Keywords: railway, crossing, condition monitoring, strain, geometry, wear 1. Introduction Currently many railway operators have to deal with the fact that maintenance actions on turnouts are based on a fixed schedule and in many cases the condition is recorded in cost intensive visual inspections. Recent developments in sensor technology and calculation power give new opportunities for railway operators to reduce inspection costs by surveillance systems that report the condition and demand for maintenance actions. In a railway turnout there are two main inspection areas: First, the switch panel with moveable rails and the positioning/ locking devices and second the crossing panel where high vertical loading out of impact loads and slip sets high demands on the material. Generally, the material response to loading can be distinguished between plastic defor ation, wear or rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and all these mechanisms can lead to a worse transition geometry that demands for maintenance actions. Insight towards C ndition onitoring of ixed Railway Crossings Uwe Oßberger a, *; Werner Kollment b , Sven Eck c a voestalpine VAE GmbH, Alpinestraße 1, 8740 Zeltweg, Austria, b Chair of Automation, University of Leoben, Peter-Tunner-Straße 25, 8700 Leoben, Austria, c Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Roseggerstr. 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria Abstract Evaluation methods and field trial results in terms of geometry and loading of fixed railway crossings are proposed in this paper. Based on these experiences the fu damentals towards condition monitoring are c eated to allow p edictive maintenance actions. For this, a fixed crossing has been instrumented with strain gauges and installed in track with mixed traffic. The strain gauge signals were recorded in irregular intervals to establish a database for the development of model based condition monitoring. A signal processing chain was developed that shall serve as base for continuous monitoring of crossing nose via strain measurements. To this end a data processing work flow is proposed that enables to monitor changes in the combined system of crossing geometry/ wear and bedding state. To quantify the geometry development of the crossing nose (due wear and plastic deformation) a laser based non-contacting measurement of the crossing geometry has been set up. 2D profiles recorded at predefined positions of the crossing enabled a 3D reconstruction of the crossing geometry. During 30 months in service the geometry of the crossing nose and adjacent regions has been recorded in 3 to 6 months intervals. The superposit on of the corresp ndi g 2D profiles and the 3D recon truction allow a quantitative measurement of the geometry changes during service. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Els vier B.V. Peer-revi w und r responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. Keywords: railway, crossing, condition monitoring, strain, geometry, wear 1. Introduction Currently many railway operators have to deal with the fact that maintenance actions on turnouts are based on a fixed schedule and in many cases the condition is recorded in cost intensive visual inspections. Recent developments in sensor technology and calculation power give new opportunities for railway operators to reduce inspection costs by surveillance systems that report the condition and demand for maintenance actions. In a railway turno t there are two main inspection areas: First, the switch panel with moveable rails and the positioning/ locking devices and second the crossing panel where high vertical loading out of impact loads and slip sets high demands on the material. Generally, the material response to loading can be distinguished between plastic deformation, wear or rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and all these mechanisms can lead to a worse transition geometry that demands for maintenance actions. Copyright © 2017. The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. ESIS TC24 Workshop "Integrity of Railway Structures", 24-25 October 2016, Leoben, Austria ESIS TC24 Workshop "Integrity of Railway Structures", 24-25 October 2016, Leoben, Austria ESIS TC24 Workshop "Integrity of Railway Structures", 24-25 October 2016, Leoben, Austria Abstract

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216 Copyright  2017. The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.007 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Sci ntific Committee of ESIS TC24. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 50304 28-585; fax: +43 50304 68-585 E-mail address: uwe.ossberger@voestalpine.com 2452-3 16 © 2017 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-revi w under respon ibility of the Scientifi Committee of ESIS TC24. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 50304 28-585; fax: +43 50304 68-585 E-mail address: uwe.ossberger@voestalpine.com * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt * Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 50304 28-585; fax: +43 50304 68-585 E-mail address: uwe.ossberger@voestalpine.com