PSI - Issue 4

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 P o edi Structural Integr ty 4 (2017) 71–78 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ESIS TC24 Workshop "Integrity of Railway Structures", 24-25 October 2016, Leoben, Austria Ultrasonic Phased Array Design Study for High Speed Axle Inspection using an Electronically Rotating Beam Rainer Boehm a *, Thomas Heckel a , Wolfgang Spruch b , Toni Beggerow b a Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und – prüfung BAM, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany b Büro für Technische Diagnostik GmbH & Co. KG, Bahntechnikerring 53, 14774 Brandenburg, Germany Abstract For in-service inspections on wheelset axles with a hollow drilling, mechanized ultrasound inspection systems with single element probes are typically used. The ultrasonic testing in the zones close to the external surface of the railway axles can be realized from the inside of the bore hole, without demounting the wheelset and without dismantling the wheels and the brake discs. The testing system must be able to find flaws in the external surface of the hollow shafts, whose surface lies in the radial radial plane, these are called transversal flaw. Presently testing systems are used, where scanning is realized in the circumferential direction by mechanical rotation of the probe system in the actual drilling. The phased array probe system, which is presented here, can carry out the rotation scan electronically. The scan can be carried out by simply moving the system forward and backwards through the drilling without mechanical rotation. Manipulation becomes simpler and the inspection time can be shortened considerably. The ultrasonic beam can be inclined exactly and be focused in the plane vertical to the specimen axis. The probe is designed with help of indispensable simulations using especially designed software developed by BAM. The feasibility and the alignment between the simulated and experimental results were shown in earlier projects reported by Boehm et al. (2006) and Völz et al. (2012). The main task here is to optimize a probe for bore holes with a diameter of 65 mm with an increase in sensitivity and a high spatial resolution. This development will be carried out by use of extensive simulations and result in certain changes of the relevant probe parameters. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. ESIS TC24 Workshop "Integrity of Railway Structures", 24-25 October 2016, Leoben, Austria Ultrasonic Phased Array Design Study for High Speed Axle Inspection using an Electronically Rotating Beam Rainer Boehm a *, Thomas Heckel a , Wolfgang Spruch b , Toni Beggerow b a undesanstalt für Materialforschung und – prüfung BAM, U ter de Eichen 8 , 12205 Berlin, Ger any b Büro für Technische Diagnostik GmbH & Co. KG, Bahntechnikerring 53, 14774 Brandenburg, Germany Abstract For i -servic inspections on wheels t axles with a hollow drilling, mechanized ultrasound inspection systems with single element pr bes are typically used. T e ultrasonic testing in the zones close to the external surface of the railway axles can b realized from the in ide of the bore hole, without demounting the wheelset and without dismantling the wh els a d the brake discs. The t sting ystem must be ble to find flaws in the external surface of the hollow shafts, whose surface lies in the radial radial pla e, thes are called transve sal flaw. Presently testing systems are used, where scanning is realiz d in the circumfer ntial direction by mec anic l rotatio of the probe system in the actual d lling. The phased array probe system, which is presented here, can carry out the rota i n scan electronically. The scan c n be carried out by simply mov g the syste forward and backwards through the drilling without mechanical rotation. Manipulation becomes simpler and the inspection time can be shortened considerably. The ultrasonic beam can be inclined exactly and be focused in the plane vertical to the specimen axis. The probe is designed with help of indispensable simulations using especially designed software develop d by BAM. The feasibility and the alignment between the simul ted and experimental results were shown in earlier projects eported by Boehm et al. (2006) a d Völz et al. (2012). The main task here is to opti ize a probe for bore holes with a diameter of 65 mm with an increase in sensitivity and a high spatial resolution. This development will be carried out by use of extensive simulations and result in certain changes of the relevant probe parameters. © 2017 The Autho s. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. Copyright © 2017. The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24.

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: Ultrasonic testing; Railway axle; Phased Array; Rotation scanner Keywords: Ultrasonic testing; Railway axle; Phased Array; Rotation scanner Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Tel.: +49-30-8104-3645; fax: +49-30-8104-1845. E-mail address: Rainer.Boehm@bam.de * Tel.: +49-30-8104-3645; fax: +49-30-8104-1845. E-mail address: Rainer.Boehm@bam.de

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216 Copyright  2017. The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.001 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452 3216 © 2017 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESIS TC24.