PSI - Issue 37

Dániel Antók et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 37 (2022) 796–803 Dániel Antók, Tamás Fekete et. al.: Evaluation Framework … / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

800

5

The bulk of this considerably more and significantly higher quality recorded information is concerned with time evolution of the geometrical pattern of the sample. By collecting, processing, and incorporating information on time evolution of the specimen geometry into evaluation of measurements greatly enhances the role of cybernetics in measurements, because (1) the execution of a measurement inherently requires resource-intensive information collection and storage tools, and (2) the evaluation of the results requires computationally intensive information processing tools and the infrastructure supporting them. The foregoing arguments are enough to consider experiments and their evaluation at conceptual level as Cyber-Physical System. A Cyber-Physical System ( CPS ) ‘ is a system based on the synergistic interaction of closely coupled, computationally intensive cybernetics/ IT and physical components ’ , as can be found in the NSF Program (2020). The theoretical foundations of CPS systems were laid down by the Russian physicist Fradkov (2005, 2017), independently of and earlier than the NFS proposal, which was proposed in 2006 – NSF Program (2020) – . What the CPS conceptually is, is the Digital Twin ( DT ) model at the engineering and practical level – Tao, Zhang, and Nee (2019), and this justifies the use of DT of a measurement for its evaluation. It is worth noting here that an evaluation strategy like the DT approach for tensile testing has earlier been published in literature – Bolzon (2014), Fedorko et.al. (2021) and Toussaint et.al. (2008) – , but the conceptual integration of material testing per se into the CPS concept was done by one of the authors during the project. 3. The Measurement and Evaluation Framework 3.1. The Framework Architecture The point of departure for the Framework architecture is the good-established old methodology: first performing experiments and then evaluating them. With this concept in mind, the Framework is a combination of two (sub)systems, Measurement and Evaluation/Simulation , with a suitable coupling, which implement the experiment → evaluation procedure. The most striking improvement over traditionally instrumented systems is the integration of an optical system into the data acquisition. The major enhancement in the evaluation methodology is the introduction of the DT into it that paves the way for a process-based understanding of measurements beyond the metrology-based understanding. Furthermore, the use of DT simulations permits, on a conceptual level, to understand measurement evaluation not just as parameter ’ s determination for a given constitutive model, but also identifying the constitutive model of the material under examination. The conceptual architecture of the Framework is sketched in Figure 1.

Fig. 1. Architecture of the Framework: The Measurement and the Evaluation/Simulation subsystems