PSI - Issue 37

Rogério Lopes et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 37 (2022) 81–88 R. F. Lopes et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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specifically in the electric transportation passenger vehicles, including three battery packs. 2. Model definition The dimensions of the one-joint articulated bus to be studied are approximately 18.0 × 2.7 × 3.3 ( 3 ) (Solaris). The bus axle location and overall dimensions are shown in Fig. 1. For this type of the bus with articulation sub-system, the total mass was estimated as = 14752 ( ) , including the articulation system with an approximated mass of .  650 ( ) as can be consulted in HÜBNER GmbH & Co. KG brochure (KG). Note that the batteries and passengers’ mass were excluded from the calculation. It is possible to state that roughly 21% of the total weight of the bus is distributed on the rear axle and 50% of the mass is distributed on the intermediate axle, remaining 29% for the front axle. The suspension system model is equivalent to a set of springs and dampers, having the same stiffness and damping parameters at all axles. In case of maximum load capacity, the bus includes 130 passengers plus the driver. The current simulation was considering every passenger weight, as . = 75 ( ) . Thus, the maximum capacity corresponds to a total weight of 9825 ( kg ) with a mass distribution of 37% on the rear axle, 37% on the intermediate axle and 26% on the front axle. Table 1 reports the main characteristics of the studied bus (Lopes et al. 2021). 2.10 3.30 8.00 9.20 10.44 14.00 15.20 18.00 2.70 8.60 14.60 18.00 Fig. 1. General dimensions of the bus, location and position the wheels and articulation.

Table 1. The main features of the bus under investigation.

420 ( / ) 400 ( / ) = 210 ( ) = 0.3 = 7.9 × 10 −9 ( / 3 )

Suspension Characteristics

Pneumatic Component Elasticity

Damping Coefficient

Material Properties

Young’s modulus Poisson’s coefficient

Density

Trailer

Tractor

Fig. 2. General model with wheel simplified system (equal in both sides).