PSI - Issue 33

ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2021) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2021) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 221–228

© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IGF ExCo Abstract Improvement of nondestructive inspection techniques has made more frequent the detection of zones containing closely spaced zones of non-metallic inclusions in pressure vessels made of low carbon steel. In the present study, closely spaced inclusions in an in-service cylindrical horizontal pressure vessel were detected by Scan-C ultrasonic inspection and considered as laminations to be assessed by Part 13 of the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2016 standard. The outcoming results were of rejection for Level 1 assessment, and a repair or replacement of the component was required, even though it retained a significant remaining strength. Thus, an alternative procedure to assess the mechanical integrity of pressure vessels containing zones of non-metallic inclusions is proposed with by adequation of some criteria of the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Part 13 standard procedure, taking into consideration the dimensioning and grouping characteristics of the inclusion zones, providing more reasonable results. © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review Statement: Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IGF Ex-Co Keywords: Structural integrity assessment; Ultrasonic inspection; Non-metallic inclusions; Pressure vessel 1. Introduction The presence of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in the shell and heads of pressure vessels made of low carbon steel exposed to sour environments in the oil and gas industries is one of the main factors to increase the susceptibility of hydrogen cracking (HIC). According to Gonzalez-Velazquez (2020), the interface between the NMI and the steel matrix is the preferred site for hydrogen trapping and nucleate HIC. Liu et al. (2016) and Dong et al. (2009) showed that the HIC cracks are commonly associated with clusters of Si, Al, Mn, and Ca-based NMI in steel plates, where the IGF26 - 26th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity On the assessment of non-metallic inclusions by part 13 of API 579 -1/ASME FFS-1 2016 J.L. González-Velázquez a , E.Entezari a * a Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico, D.F. Abstract Improvement of nondestructive inspection techniques has made more frequent the detection of zones containing closely spaced zones of no -metallic incl sions ressure vessels made of low carbon steel. In t present study, clo ely spaced inclusion in an in-s rvice cylindrical horizontal pressure v ss l were det cted by Scan-C ultrasonic inspection and on idered as laminat to be assessed by Part 13 of the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2016 stan ard. The outcoming results were of rejection for Level 1 sses ment, nd a repair o replacement of the component was required, even though it retained a significant remaining str ngth. Thus, an lternative pr cedure to assess the mechanical integrity of pressur vessels contain g zones of no -m tall c i clusio s is proposed with by adequation of som crit ria of the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Part 13 sta dard procedure, taking to considerati n the dimensioning nd gr uping characteristics of the inclusion zones, providing more reasonable results. © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review Statem nt: Peer-revi w under responsibility of th scientifi committee of the IGF Ex-Co K ywords: Structural integrity ass ssment; Ult asonic inspection; Non-metallic nclusions; Pr ssure vessel 1. Introduction The presence of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in the shell and heads of pressure vessels made of low carbon steel expos d to sour environ nts in the oil and gas industries is o e of the main factors to increase the susceptibility of hydrogen cracking (HIC). According to Gonzalez-Velazquez (2020), the i terface between the NMI and the steel mat ix is the preferred site for hy ro en trapping and nucleate HIC. Liu t al. (2016) and Dong t al. (2009) showed th the HIC cracks are commonly associated with clusters of Si, Al, Mn, and Ca-based NMI i st el plates, where the IGF26 - 26th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity On the assessment of non-metallic inclusions by part 13 of API 579 -1/ASME FFS-1 2016 J.L. González-Velázquez a , E.Entezari a * a Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico, D.F.

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: Ehsan.entezari2014@gmail.com * Corresponding author. E-mail address: Ehsan.entezari2014@gmail.com

2452-3216 © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review Statement: Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IGF ExCo 2452-3216 © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review Statem nt: Peer-revi w under responsibility of th scientifi committee of the IGF ExCo

2452-3216 © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IGF ExCo 10.1016/j.prostr.2021.10.027