PSI - Issue 33

ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Sci nceDire t Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 673–684

© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IGF ExCo Abstract With the competitiveness at a global level, companies are always trying to develop improved and less costly solutions to join components. One of the current options to join components is adhesive bonding, with applications in the aerospace, aeronautical and automotive industries. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is the most commonly used tool to design bonded joints. A FEM variant, the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM), is able to promote crack growth and predict the bonded joints’ strength, although its use is still limited. The present work aims to validate the XFEM design technique to predict the strength of T-peel joints under tensile loads with different configurations (purely welded, bonded and hybrid), considering steel adherends and a ductile adhesive. The study comprises several damage initiation criteria (stress and strain-based) and growth criteria, together with linear and exponential degradation laws. It was found that the joints’ performance highly depends on the joining methods , and that the XFEM can be a valuable design tool for specific modelling conditions. © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review Statement: Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IGF ExCo Keywords: Finite Element Analysis; Extended Finite Element Method; Joint design; Numerical analysis. 1. Introduction The use of adhesive bonding dates to the pre-historic ages, but it was in the first decades of the 20 th century that it started to serve as alternative to established methods such as welding, mechanical fastening, and riveting, mostly impelled by the aeronautical industry, which was pioneer in using adhesives in structural applications (Bishopp IGF26 - 26th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity Numerical analysis by XFEM of hybrid T-peel joints R.V.F. Faria a , R.D.S.G. Campilho a,b , P.J.A. Gonçalves a , R.J.B. Rocha a , I.J. Sánchez-Arce b *, F.J.G. Silva a,b a ISEP, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal b INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal Abstract With the competitiveness at a global level, companies are always trying to develop improved and less costly solutions to join compon nts. One of th current options to join components is adhesive bonding, with ap lications in the aerospace, aeronautical and automotive industries. The Finite Element Meth d (FEM) is the most commonly used tool to design bonded joints. A FEM variant, the Exte ed Finite Element Method (XFEM), is able to pro te rack growth and predict the bonded joints’ strength, although its use is still limited. The present work aims to va idate the XFEM design tech ique to predict the streng h of T-peel joints under tensile loads with diff rent configuration (purely weld d, bonde and hybrid), considering st el adherends and a ductile a hesive. The study compris s several damage initiation crit ria (stress strain-based) and rowth crit ria, together with linear and exponential degradation laws. It was fou d that the joints’ performance highly depe s on the joining methods , and that the XFEM can be a valu ble design tool for specific modelling conditions. © 2021 T Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review Statem nt: Peer-revi w under responsibility of the scientifi committee of the IGF ExCo Keywords: Finite Element Analysis; Extended Finite Element Method; Joint design; Nu erical analysis. 1. Introduction The use of adhesive bonding dates to the pre-historic ages, but it was in the first decades of the 20 th century that it started to serve as alt rnative to establis d methods such as welding, mechanical fast ning, and riveting, mos ly imp lled by the aeronautical indu ry, which was pioneer in using adhesives n structural applications (Bishopp IGF26 - 26th International Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity Numerical analysis by XFEM of hybrid T-peel joints R.V.F. Faria a , R.D.S.G. Campilho a,b , P.J.A. Gonçalves a , R.J.B. Rocha a , I.J. Sánchez-Arce b *, F.J.G. Silva a,b a ISEP, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal b INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 912414207; fax: +351 229 537 352. E-mail address: isidrodjsa@gmail.com * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 912414207; fax: +351 229 537 352. E-mail address: isidrodjsa@gmail.com

2452-3216 © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review Statement: Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IGF ExCo 2452-3216 © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review Statement: Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IGF ExCo

2452-3216 © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IGF ExCo 10.1016/j.prostr.2021.10.075