PSI - Issue 33

Singgih Dwi Prasetyo et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 43–50 Prasetyo et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

44 2

1. Introduction The development and application of technology in recent times are very rapid, including in industrial community. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare skilled human resources (HR) to accommodate this progress. Therefore, each individual needs to enhance their interest in the applied knowledge that has been used in industries. In this condition, it is required a place that can develop the knowledge based on theoretical engineering and science they have. Based on recorded history, the company always becomes excellent ecosystem for this activity, and in the same time, it successfully improves the quality of products to achieve the desired target. One of them is a heater to heat a fluid. The heater adds heat energy to the fluid flow through the mechanical process. Heater appears in many forms, e.g., boiler, super-heater, re-heater, combustion chamber, or nuclear reactor. Heat transfer in a heater occurs through radiation and convection on the surface of the pipe (Husman et al., 2016). The components of the heater, including chimney/ stack to channel the combustion gases into the atmosphere, and soot blower to remove or blow soot or other oxidized metal compounds that stick to the surface of the tube in the convection room. Other parts, i.e., wall heater and insulation, are made in layers (the outer layer is steel plate, the inner layer is refractory, heat-resistant, and fire-resistant). The tube circuits are the most important and most expensive part of a heater. Generally, it consists of rows of connected tubes and makes a U form. Burner connection is also a critical part, which has a function to carry out gas combustion. Gas phase and air must be well mixed (homogenous state) at a certain amount, so that combustion reaction occurs appropriately. If the fuel is liquid, it must first be atomized and heated so that maximum surface contact with air can occur and flammable. Peephole, as found in the wall of the chamber, is to observe the state of the flame, the color of the heating pipe, and the color of the fire-resistant stone. Peepholes are equipped with steel covers, and must always be closed after operation. Heater, or usually called as a furnace, is processing equipment that is useful for raising the temperature of a material. In several installations, the oil economizer section, the air preheater section, or both are installed above the vertical heating section. The purpose of the economizer and air heater section is to improve the economics of operations by increasing thermal efficiency. The cathode element must reach the required temperature for the tube to work properly. This is why old electronic devices often need time to warm up after being turned on. Cathode heater is a coil or filament used to heat the cathode in a vacuum tube or cathode ray tube. Before the transistor and its integrated surroundings are connected, electronic equipment uses a vacuum tube to power its elements. A simple type of vacuum tube operates as a diode, which only gives flow in one direction. If the positively charged anode is related to the cathode, the radiating electrons will attract it and the current will flow (Lazova et al., 2016). Based on this, the authors are interested to discuss the sulfur melter as industrial product. The heating coil fabrication process includes a manufacturing process, material estimation, and the quality control testing, which gives assumed design flow is in one direction. Fabrication of heating coil products is needed to adjust to its operational use, including its technical performance. Considering theme of material and structural fracture theme, the current study, discussion is directed to fabrication process (including design and material) and structural inspection (to test product qualification after design and fabrication). 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Material and engineering instruments The material classification is needed in the fabrication of heating coil, which in this study, the classification summary is presented in Table 1. Worker classification in the manufacturing process of Sulfur Melter includes several workers for designated activities. The first is drawing which is to describe the work piece that has been planned by the customer for further processing in the engineering department. The second is machining which is carried out by the operator. The third is welding in which the worker operates the welding machine to connect parts that need to be joined through welding process. The fourth is fitting which is a stage to perform assembly or adjustment work (including machining parts) for all works in the workshop. The deployed primary machines in the sulfur melter heating coil fabrication process are the plasma cutting machine, the bending pipe machine, the welding machine, and the granty crane as illustrated in Fig. 1. At the same time, the auxiliary machines in the fabrication process are hand grinding machines and drilling machines.