PSI - Issue 33

Aprianur Fajri et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 19–26 Fajri et. al/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

24 6

5. Fatigue phenomenon in critical infrastructure and extreme condition Critical infrastructure in this discussion is related to structures that operate in extreme conditions. The development of research related to this condition can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2. The landmark of fatigue study in critical infrastructure. Milestone Author Observational Object Method

Finding

2014

(Cunha et al., 2014)

Corroded pipelines

FEM (strain life approach)

The corroded surface of the material can cause fatigue failure because it can ease initial cracks Problems that cannot be solved with an S-N curve can be approached with Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) High pressure and high-temperature steam on the boiler under continuous charge and discharge cycle can affect fatigue failure. Extreme environmental conditions (storms or blizzards) must be considered when designing a structure.

2018

(Marques et al., 2018) (Zeng et al., 2020)

The riveted connections on the railway bridge Supercharged boiler drum of steam-power plants Steel-shell structure elements welded joints

FEM with fracture mechanics and local modeling Design By Analysis Approach (DBA) and Numerical simulation (FEM) of stress field and fatigue life FEM with Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) approach

2020

2020

(Radu et al., 2020)

6. Fatigue study in automobile engine component Fatigue phenomenon in automobile engine component that receives dynamic loads has been studied. Fatigue failure can occur in pistons when transferring force from a gas explosion to a crankshaft back and forth. When operating, the piston receives two mechanical loading schemes, namely tensile and bending load. Besides mechanical loads, stress arising from thermal expansion influences negatively affected fatigue life (Singh et al., 2015). In addition to pistons, crankshafts also have the same risks. Fatigue characteristic Crankshaft in race engines due to high rotation and the type of material used has been investigated by Rølvåg et al. (2020). The results showed that carburizing treatment in AISI 8620 materials affected improving fatigue life. Piston and crankshaft are connected by using the connecting rod, which is also affected by the fatigue phenomenon. Research by (Rao et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2017) proves that optimizing the design and choosing the suitable material is necessary for components to last longer. In other cases, (Bhanage and Krishnan, 2014) have made a redesign of the car leaf spring with glass fiber/ epoxy composite material that turns out to be lighter and quite fatigue resistant than using conventional materials. The fatigue phenomenon in rear axle housing cars has been studied by (Topaç et al., 2009) to prevent premature failure. The above research has contributed to transportation safety, where the risk of fatigue failure in the machine can be identified and controlled. 7. Concluding Remarks A review of fatigue phenomena on engineering structure has been presented. It takes a long time with long research to perfect various methods to investigate the fatigue phenomenon. The numeral approach is considered an effective method for estimating fatigue life. Multiple aspects of the engineering sector should be considered. Marine structures are prone to fatigue failure because they operate in corrosive environments. Besides, cyclic loading, such as wind load, wave load, multiple impact load, and internal load, are some factors that shorten fatigue life. Critical infrastructure and components that work in extreme conditions need to be made to prevent fatigue phenomenon occurs. In automobile components, fatigue occurs due to ongoing operating expenses. Some research related to validation needs to be done to improve existing methods and approaches . Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP), Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia. The support is gratefully acknowledged by the authors.