PSI - Issue 33

Taoufik Hachimi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 907 – 916 HACHIMI Taoufik et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2021) 000–000

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1. Introduction: 3D printing technologies (Additive manufacturing (AM)) used to produce physical parts from different materials as thermoplastics, composites, and metals for serval industrial’s applications such as aerospace and automotive Dey et al. (2021), Sathies et al. (2020, Foresti et al. (2019) with high complex geometries without costly tooling Attaran (2017 ) using successive addition layers of the raw thermoplastic materials Huang et al.( 2013). A complex shaped part produced using a computer-aided design under the technique of fused deposition modeling FDMNassar et al. (2019). The 3D printer was commercialized for the first time by Charles Hull in 1980 Holzmann et al. (2017)it was used to produce an artificial heart pump Thomas (2018). Generally, polyamide (PA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC), and polystyrene (PS) are the most filament used to produce functional 3D-printed parts, as a result of these thermoplastics properties, mechanical, chemical and physical, which are commercially available but very expensive and mostly imported Hausman et al. (2014). In order to reduce the price of the filament, use the waste plastics in this process as an eco-friendly system Zhong et al. (2018), Kreiger et al. (2013), and conduct modification to fused modeling deposition (FMD) printing to improve their properties, this the design and the realization of the testbed of filament are the extruder was made, Producing filament at our required size of 1,75mm and 2,5mm. The aims of this project are to produce a filament extruder machine at a low cost, in order to extract filament used in the 3D printer. After this, a comparative study was made to investigate these mechanical properties and the real ones used in the automotive industry. For this reason, mechanical tensile tests were performed Xiao (2008) using MTS Tensile Testing Machine with a load cell of 30 kN. The crosshead speed was (500 mm/min, 200 mm/min, 50 mm/min, 5 mm/min) according to the standard used to test the filament Letcher et al. (2014), and also based on the specimen geometry of 1,75mm and 2,5 mm diameters and 200 mm total length. The crosshead is made of PA6 which is widely used in many different industrial domains and applications due to its high performance, which is a grade of polyamide polymers and widely used in the irradiation industry and materials industry, due to his poor resistance to the UV, Wang et al. (2020). 1.1. Research problems: - The expensive price of the 3D printing filament - Permanent mechanical properties - Importation filament 1.2. Research Objectives and Importance: - Design and manufacturing of new filament extruder design - Reducing the price of the filament used in 3D printer - Improving FMD filament materials by conduction modifications

Nomenclature FMD Fused Modelling Deposition CAD Computer Aided Design

PA6 Polycaprolactam UV Ultra Violet

2. Experimental 2.1. Extruder machine:

The extruder is a long continuous process of the polymers, it’s used to produce tubing, tire treads and, wire coverings. The extruder pushes the raw material (pellet form) into a heated tube, heated by 2-5 Heaters fixed in the