PSI - Issue 3

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 3 (2017) 571–578 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.co ci c ir ct Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000

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XXIV Italian Group of Fracture Conference, 1-3 March 2017, Urbino, Italy I Italian roup of Fracture onference, 1-3 arch 2017, rbino, Italy

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.04.021 1. Introduction The poly eric afion proton exchange e brane (PE ), has been used in the last forty years to obtain green energy, as an alternative in regard the conventional energy sources (Sopian and aud, 2006, raytsberg and Ein-Eli, 2014, Sha i et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015). * Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 443 3223500 ‐ 3103; E ‐ mail address: dalmaraz@umich.mx (G.M. Dominguez Almaraz) 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Publish d by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article u der the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-n /4.0/). Peer-revi w und r responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Ultrasonic Fatigue Tests on the Nafion Proton Exchange Membrane, Under the Modality of Three Points Bending G. M. Domínguez Almaraz a* , R. Hernández Sánchez a , A. Gutiérrez Martínez a , E. Correa Gómez a , J. C. Verduzco Juárez a , V. López Garza a a Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo(UMSNH), Santiago Tapia No. 403, Col. Centro, Morelia, Michoacán, 58000, México Abstract This work deals with the ultrasonic fatigue endurance under the modality of three points bending on the Nafion 115 proton exchange membrane used in fuel cells. All tests were carried out under the control of temperature and humidity in a patented ultrasonic fatigue machine, developed by first author (patent No. 323948, 2014 Mexico), using a program developed on the LabVIEW platform to control the testing starting, to count the number of cycles and to stopping the test when the specimen fails. Special attention was devoted to the applied planar stress on the membrane, the initial perpendicular load to the membrane surface, the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, as well as the testing temperature and humidity. Numerical simulations were developed to generate the virtual model and to determine the stress distribution on the membrane under the combination of the applied loads. The fatigue endurance was obtained under the modality of three poi ts bending and ultrasonic loading. Finally, the crack initiation an propagation were identified on the polymeric Nafion 115 membrane under the described loading conditions. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: Three points bending ultrasonic fatigue; Proton exchange membrane; Polymeric material; Fatigue endurance; Crack initiation and propagation. 1. Introduction The polymeric Nafion proton exchange membrane (PEM), has been used in the last forty years to obtain green energy, as an alternative in regard the conventional energy sources (Sopian and Daud, 2006, Kraytsberg and Ein-Eli, 2014, Shamim et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015). * Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 443 3223500 ‐ 3103; E ‐ mail address: dalmaraz@umich.mx (G.M. Dominguez Almaraz) 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. ltrasonic Fatigue Tests t fi Proton ange Membrane, r t lit f r i ts i G. M. Domínguez Almar z a* , . er ández ánchez a , . utiérrez artínez a , E. C rrea ó ez a , J. . erduzco Juárez a , . López arza a a Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo(UMSNH), Santiago Tapia No. 403, Col. Centro, Morelia, Michoacán, 58000, México Abstract This work deals with the ultrasonic fatigue endurance under the modality of three points bending on the Nafion 115 proton exchange membrane used in fuel cells. All tests were carried out under the control of temperature and humidity in a patented ultrasonic fatigue machine, developed by first author (patent No. 323948, 2014 exico), using a program developed on the LabVIE platform to control the testing starting, to count the number of cycles and to stopping the test when the specimen fails. Special ttention was devoted to the applied planar stress on the membrane, the initial perpendicular load to the membrane surface, the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, as well as the testing temperature and humidity. Numerical simulations were developed to generate the virtual model and to determine the stress distribution on the membrane under the combination of the applied loads. The fatigue endurance was obtained under the modality of three points bending and ultrasonic loading. Finally, the crack initiation and propagation were identified on the polymeric Nafion 115 membrane under the described loading conditions. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: Thr e points bending ultrasonic fatigue; Proton exchang m mbrane; Polymeric mate ial; Fatigue endurance; Crack initiation and propagation. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt