PSI - Issue 3

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 3 (2017) 217–223 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDire t StructuralIntegrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect StructuralIntegrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. XXIV Italian Group of Fracture Conference, 1-3 March 2017, Urbino, Italy rack path and damage in a CuZnAl SMA V. Di Cocco a, *, F. Iacoviello a , L. D’Agostino a , S. Natali b , V. Volpe b a Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, DICeM, via G. Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy b Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, DICMA, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy Abstract Pseudo-elastic (PE) materials are an important class of metallic alloy which exhibit unique features with respect to common engineering metals. In particular, due to these properties PEs are able to recover their original shape after high values of mechanical deformations, by removing the mechanical load (PE). From the microstructural point of view shape memory and pseudo-elastic effects are due to a reversible solid state microstructural diffusionless transitions from austenite to martensite, which can be activated by mechanical and/or thermal loads. Copper-based shape memory alloys are preferred for their good memory properties and low cost of production. In this work the main crack initiation and its propagation in a tensile test is analyzed in order to evaluate crack path and its behavior at low and at high values of deformation. Results are also associated both to grains boundary chemical properties and to X-ray diffract on, in order to correlate structural transition involved in an Cu-Zn-Al alloy characterized by a PE behavior. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: Zn-Cu-Al alloy; Pseudoeleastic beh viour; Crack micromech nisms. 1. Introduction Shape memory alloys (SMA) and pseudo-elastic alloys (PEA) are able to recover their original shape after high mechanical deformations: the first ones by heating up to characteristic temperature (Shape Memory Effect, SME), and the second ones imply by removing the mechan cal l ad (Pseudo-elastic Effect, PE). XXIV Italian Group of Fracture Conference, 1-3 March 2017, Urbino, Italy Crack path and damage in a CuZnAl SMA V. Di Cocco a, *, F. Iacoviello a , L. D’Agostino a , S. Natali b , V. Volpe b a Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, DICeM, via G. Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy b Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, DICMA, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy Abstract Pseudo-elastic (PE) materi ls re an importa t class of metallic alloy which exhibit unique features with respect to common engineering metals. In particular, due t hese properties PEs re able to r cover their original shape after high values f mechanical deformatio s, by removing the mechanical load (PE). From the microstructu al poi t of view shape memory and ps udo-el stic effects are due to a reversible solid state microstructural diffusionless transitions from austenite to martensite, which can be activated by mechanical and/or thermal loads. Copper-based shape memory alloys are preferred f r their good memory properties nd low cost of production. In this work the m in crack initiation and its propagation in a tensile test is analyzed in order to evaluate crack path and its behavior at low and at high values of deformation. Results are lso a sociated both to grai s boundary chemical properties and o X-r y diffraction, in order to correlate structural transition involved in an Cu-Zn-Al alloy characterized by a PE behavior. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Pe r-r view under es ons bili y of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: Zn-Cu-Al alloy; Pseudoeleastic b haviour; Crack micromechanisms. 1. Introduction Shape memory alloys (SMA) and pseudo-elastic alloys (PEA) are able to recover their original shape after high mec nical def rm ti ns: the first one by h ating up to characteristic t mperatur (S ape Memory Effect, SME), and the second nes simply by removing the mechanical load (Pseudo-elastic Effect, PE). © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39.07762994334. E-mail address: v.dicocco@unicas.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39.07762994334. E-mail address: v.dicocco@unicas.it

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r responsibil ty of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. 2452-3216© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.04.049