PSI - Issue 3

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 3 (2017) 283–29 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDire t Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access articl u der the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ icenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. XXIV Italian Group of Fracture Conference, 1-3 March 2017, Urbino, Italy Classification of ductile cast iron specimens based on image analysis and support vector machine Francesco Iacoviello a , Daniela Iacoviello b *, Vittorio Di Cocco a , Alberto De Santis b , Laura D’Agostino a a Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, DICeM, via G. Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino (FR) Italy b Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, DIAG, via Ariosto 25, 00185 Roma, Italy Abstract The ductile irons discovery in 1948 gave a new lease on life to the cast iron family. In fact, these cast irons are characterized both by a high castability and by high toughness values, combining cast irons and steel good properties. The high mechanical properties (especially ductility) are mainly due to the peculiar graphite elements shape: thanks to the addition of some elements like Mg, Ca, Ce, graphite elements shape can be near to spheres (nodules) instead to lamellae as in “normal” grey cast irons. In this work, the problem of classification of ductile cast irons specimens is addressed; first the nodules present in each specimen are identified determining their morphological shapes. These characteristics are suitable used to extract global features of the specimen. Then it is outlined a procedure to train a classifier based of these properties. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: Ductile Cast Irons; Image analysis; Artificial Neural Networs. 1. Introduction In the first half of the last century, the goals of a combination of good castability and high toughness values were fulfilled by malleable iron by means of an extended annealing treatment of white iron. During this heat treatment, cementite decomposes to graphite that precipitates as aggregates in a matrix whose composition (ferrite or pearlite) XXIV Italian Group of Fracture Conference, 1-3 March 2017, Urbino, Italy Classification of ductile cast iron specimens based on image analysis and support vector machine Francesco Iacoviello a , Daniela Iacoviello b *, Vittorio Di Cocco a , Alberto De Santis b , Laura D’Agost o a a Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, DICeM, via G. Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino (FR) Italy b Università di Rom “La Sapienza”, DIAG, via Ariosto 25, 00185 Roma, Italy Abstract The ductile irons discovery in 1948 gave a new lease on life to the cast iron family. In fact, these cast irons are characterized both by a high castability and by high toughness valu s, combining cast irons and steel good properties. The igh mechanical propert es (especiall ductilit ) are mainly due to th peculiar graphite elements shap : thanks to the addition of some elements like Mg, Ca, C , graphite elements sh pe can be near to spheres (nodul s) instead to lamellae as in “normal” grey cast irons. In this work, the problem of classification of ductile c st irons specimens i addr ssed; first th nodules present in ea h specime are identified determining their morphological shapes. These characteri tics are suitable us d to extract global features of the sp cimen. Then it is outlined a procedure to tr in a classifier based of these properties. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: Ductile Cast Irons; Image analysis; Artificial Neural Networs. 1. Introduction In th first half of the last century, th goals f a combination of good castability and high toughness values were fulfilled by malleable iron by means of an extended annealing treatment of white iron. During t is heat treatment, cementite decompos s to graphit that precipi ates as aggregates in a matrix w ose c mposition (ferrite or pearlite) © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-677274061 E-mail address: iacoviello@dis.uniroma1.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-677274061 E-mail address: iacoviello@dis.uniroma1.it

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.04.042