PSI - Issue 29

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Structural Integrity 29 (2020) 79–86

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of Marco Tanganelli and Stefania Viti Abstract The Noh Gonbad mosque is an a lmost unknown masterpiece created in 794 a .D. (178 a.H.) near the town of Ba lkh, North Afghanistan. The mosque, one of the oldest monuments of the early Islamic architecture in Centra l Asia , derives its name from the nine domes, a ll collapsed. This monument in a state of ruin, partly hidden by debris generated by collapsed roofs, represents an important witness of the transition from Sassanid culture and the first Islamic ca liphates, described in the splendid decora tion, carried out by carved gypsum that covered a ll the interna l surface of the architecture. Such archaeologica l site shows a building made by different materia ls, as rammed earth (wa lls), adobes (wa lls, niches and abutment of the arcades) and, in some important parts (domes, arches and columns), baked bricks (with the use of earthen mortar and, only for the columns, gypsum mortar). So weak but important monument needed consolidation actions for the still standingarch system, close to collapse. In the present phase, the thick debris layer is being removed in order to return the architecture to its origina l configuration. The critica l state of the perimeter wa lls requires a consolidation of the materia ls and a structura l reinforcement due to the increased risk of overturning jointed with the remova l of the debris, until nowactingas a restra int. The paper faces with the need to find compatible strategies to operate a strengthening of the perimeter wa ll. A great experimenta l campa ign was carried out and targeted devices were created in order extend the life of this masterpiece. Institutions involved in such enterprise: Aga Khan Trust for Culture, French Archeologist Delegation, University of Florence, Associazione Giovanni SeccoSuardo,WMF. Keywords: Heritagesafeguarding, masonryconsolidation, experimental tests, seismic retrofitting, compatibility Abstract The Noh Gonbad mosque is an a lmost unknown masterpiece created in 794 a .D. (178 a.H.) near the town of Ba lkh, North Afghanistan. The mosque, one of the oldest monuments of the early Islamic architecture in Centra l Asia , derives its name from the nine domes, a ll collapsed. This monument in a state of ruin, partly hidden by debris generated by collapsed roofs, represents an important witness of the transition from Sassanid culture and the first Islamic ca liphates, described in the splendid decora tion, carried out by carved gypsum that covered a ll the interna l surface of the architecture. Such archaeologica l site shows a building made by different materia ls, as rammed earth (wa lls), adobes (wa lls, niches and abutment of the arcades) and, in some important parts (domes, arches and columns), baked bricks (with the use of earthen mortar and, only for the columns, gypsum mortar). So weak but important monument needed consolidation actions for the still standingarch system, close to collapse. In the present phase, the thick debris layer is being removed in order to return the architecture to its origina l configuration. The critica l state of the perimeter wa lls requires a consolidation of the materia ls and a structura l reinforcement due to the increased risk of overturning jointed with the remova l of the debris, until nowactingas a restra int. The paper faces with the need to find compatible strategies to operate a strengthening of the perimeter wa ll. A great experimenta l campa ign was carried out and targeted devices were created in order extend the life of this masterpiece. Institutions involved in such enterprise: Aga Khan Trust for Culture, French Archeologist Delegation, University of Florence, Associazione Giovanni SeccoSuardo,WMF. Keywords: Heritagesafeguarding, masonryconsolidation, experimental tests, seismic retrofitting, compatibility Art Collections 2020, Safety Issue (ARCO 2020, SAFETY) The consolidation strategy of the Noh Gonbad mosque vestiges in Balkh (Afghanistan) A. Boostani a , G. Misseri a , L. Rovero a , U.Tonietti a, * a Department of Architecture, Piazza Brunelleschi, 6, Florence 50121, Italy Art Collections 2020, Safety Issue (ARCO 2020, SAFETY) The consolida ion strategy of the Noh Gonbad mosque vestiges in Balkh (Afghanistan) A. Boostani a , G. Misseri a , L. Rovero a , U.Tonietti a, * a Department of Architecture, Piazza Brunelleschi, 6, Florence 50121, Italy

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 055 2756845 E-mail address: u.tonietti@unifi.it

2452-3216 © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of Marco Tanganelli and Stefania Viti 2452-3216 © 2020 T e Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is n open access ar cle under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of Marco Tanganelli and Stefania Viti * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 055 2756845 E-mail address: u.tonietti@unifi.it

2452-3216 © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of Marco Tanganelli and Stefania Viti 10.1016/j.prostr.2020.11.142