PSI - Issue 28

Abdoullah Namdar / Procedia Structural Integrity 28 (2020) 311–322 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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3. Results and interpretation In the construction industry, the pile was produced from the different kinds of construction materials such as wood, steel, concrete, etc, individually or composite materials. The mechanical properties of the pile and subsoil along with the nature of applied load are important factors in produce pile settlement and soil-pile linear and nonlinear interaction. The analytical results were showed the settlement mechanism in the X direction is not the same as the settlement mechanism in the Y direction. The differential displacement of the pile has occurred with two different mechanisms and the pile-subsoil interaction at X and Y direction exhibit differently. The nonlinear settlement at each direction of the X and Y were showed the probability of pile-soil nonlinear interaction and two different nonlinear deformations of the subsoil are expected at X and Y direction. Figure 4 clearly was distinguished the nonlinear settlement of pile in the X direction is not similar Y direction, either whole seismic load was applied to the pile or extracted high acceleration peak of seismic loading was applied to the pile. The results show the direction of seismic loading is important in settlement prediction of the pile and governs the soil-pile interaction. In the calculation settlement, the suggested analytical method minimizes the analytical process. And the soil-pile interaction will be more understandable by considering the nature of the seismic loading in two different horizontal directions in an earthquake. When the seismic load was applied to the pile in the Y direction, the extracted high acceleration peak of the seismic loading exhibit with awfully close to each other. To understand this phenomenon the analytical process could not depict the influence of the extracted high acceleration peak of the seismic loading in developing the settlement and soil-pile nonlinear interaction, and to illustrate the settlement mechanism the statistical model requires for better understanding of the settlement and soil-pile nonlinear interaction. Figure 5 clearly is illustrated the distribution probability of settlement concerning the applied seismic loading in the X and Y directions. The extracted high acceleration peaks of the seismic loading in X and Y directions in the loading and reloading are not similar, on the other hand in the Y directions extracted high acceleration peaks of the seismic loading are close compared to the extracted high acceleration peaks X directions. And the unloading time in extracted high acceleration peaks of the seismic loading in the X direction is higher than extracted high acceleration peaks of the seismic loading in the Y direction. Due to two different loading, unloading, and reloading mechanism in X and Y directions of the horizontal movement of the pile, the soil-pile interaction in the X direction exhibits differently from the Y direction. The normal probability of the settlement with considering the lower and upper occurrence of settlement based on the reference line was analyzed for both direction of the applied seismic loading to the pile. The normal probability of the settlement based on the percent and expected normal value illustrates the soil pile interaction depend on the nature of the seismic loading at each direction of the applied near-fault ground motion. The expected settlement at each X and Y directions are not similar. According to figure 5 clearly show the expected settlement and nonlinear soil-pile interaction in loading and reloading display differently, for both X and Y directions. The statistical models minimizing error in understanding settlement mechanism and soil-pile interaction. The developing the histogram is a soft computing technique (SC) that allows understanding the settlement frequency and the magnitude of the pile was subjected to the near-fault ground motion at any possible directions, and the histogram illustrates the soil-pile interaction based on the extracted high acceleration peaks of the seismic loading in the X and Y direction. Figure 6 describes settlement magnitude in each direction was repeated differently. The probability settlement expected line depicts, it has been explained the soil-pile interaction mechanism is associated with the developing settlement. The statistical model supports to improve the results of the analytical process and predicts pile seismic resistance. The probabilities and frequencies of the highest settlement are depicted in figure 6, the histogram is described settlement distribution mechanism according to interval requirement based on the extracted high acceleration peaks of the seismic loading in the X and Y directions. According to figure 6, for better understanding settlement mechanism of the pile, the histogram has two different scales.