PSI - Issue 28

Vinicius Carrillo Beber et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 28 (2020) 1950–1962 V.C. Beber and M. Brede / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

1951

2

Nomenclature Latin Letters E

Young’s Modulus Finite Element Analysis Methyl Ethyl Ketone hydrostatic pressure stress Von Mises equivalent stress fatigue lifetime

FEA MEK

N

p q

RT

Room Temperature

TAST

Thick Adherend Shear Test

Greek Letters ν

Poisson’s Ratio stress multiaxiality

Π σ

normal or principal stress

shear stress

1. Introduction 1.1. Motivation

The current targets of optimisation in energy consumption of transportation vehicles compels the development of innovative engineering solutions, when the objective is the reduction of CO 2 -emissions (Harte et al., 2004). Railway vehicles are particularly advantageous with regard to CO 2 emissions, as they present one of the lowest emissions rates when compared to other fuel-driven vehicles (European Environment Agency, 2015). Nonetheless, lightweight design can be even more beneficial to the railway industry because the weight reduction on the construction of structures (e.g. the carbody) can be used, for instance, to increase passenger capacity as well as cargo in the case of rail freight transport (European Comission, 2019).

350

Source: European Environmental Agency 03 Nov 2015

Air Inland

Rail Road

300

250

200

150

100

CO 2 emissions (g / passenger km) 0 50

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Figure 1 - CO 2 emissions (g per passenger.km) for different means of transportation between 2005 and 2014

In the context of lightweight design, adhesive bonding has become a fundamental manufacturing technology in the