PSI - Issue 28

Fatima Majid et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 28 (2020) 1719–1726 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

1720

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(2016) .Charles Hull first developed the idea of additive manufacturing in 1980s. In California, in order to demonstrate an alternate process to conventional tool making and molding by fabricating UV-curable polymers for Ultra Violet Products, Charles Hull invent this technology Kruth JP (1991).Using additive manufacturing, especially in high-tech applications like aerospace and automotive, not only enables efficient production of components, but also creates new, innovative ones that were not possible before. Moreover, it has the potential to increase the production speed while reducing costs and waste materials.This technology has been widespread used in many fields; in the field of agriculture, in healthcare, automotive industry, aerospace industries, tissue engineering, microsystem fabrication Wang C (2006) and Giannatsis J (2009). According to ASTM Standard F2792, ASTM assembled AM technologies into seven families of layer addition processes: the binding jetting, directed energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination and vat photopolymerization. S.H. Masood (1996) , Wang (2017) and Shahrubudin (2019).Among the various 3D printing techniques, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most famous AM technologies in the world today. It has larger consumer due of its reliability, wide range of usable materials, safety and manufacturing simplicity, lower cost of machines and materials and lower process temperatures Olivera, S (2016) and S. Kannan, (2014).This technique was developed by Scott Crump and patented in 1988 within the Stratasys Company, under the name FDM. The patent for the technology expired in 2009, and immediately after that, the spread of DFF printers was very successful Crump (1992). The FDM is based on three main components: a print bed or a build platform on which the part is printed, a spool of filament that serves as the printing material and an extrusion nozzle also called an extruder. the used material takes the form of filaments heated into a semi-molten and deposited at nozzle, guided by a motor, following a path defined by a CAD file. The melted material extruded layer by layer onto the build platform where layers are fused together and then solidify into final parts Weng, Z (2016 ). The quality of printed parts can be controlled by adjusting printing parameters, such as printing orientation, layer thickness, extruder and bed temperature Sood AK (2010) and Ahn, S. H. (2002). FDM is the most popular technology for polymer processing. It is compatible with a wide choice of thermoplastic polymers. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a particularly famed choice, it is an amorphous polymer composed of three monomers, acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene. ABS was patented in 1948 and introduced to commercial markets by the Borg-Warner Corporation in 1954 S. Olivera H. B. (2016) and Boronat, T. (2009). ABS model parts possess excellent toughness, good dimensional stability, easy process ability, chemical resistance and cheapness, and they offer interesting modeling properties and a wide choice of colors. In FDM ABS are available as 1.75mm or 3mm filament spools in diameter and assorted colors Cole, D. P. (2016)

Nomenclature a

crack length

t

time

KI stress intensity factor SENT single edge notched tensile ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

2. Methods and materials In this article, tensile tests on printed specimens was conducted. First, 3Dmodels of the specimens was created. This model was designed with computer-aided design (CAD) software.