PSI - Issue 28

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Hassan Mansour Raheem et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 28 (2020) 1755–1760 Hassan Mansour Raheem et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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Fig. 5. Comparison of the compression response of the intact model with literature data (Brown et al. 1957; Joshi et al. 2006; Kulak et al. 1976; Shirazi-Adl et al. 1984).

4. Conclusion The research provides a valid three-dimensional FEA model that simulates the behavior of the lumbar functional spinal unit. Simplification of the model has provided a reasonably accurate set for an initial understanding of material behavior under axial compression loads. The response of the disc is sensitive to the nucleus pulposus condition. Further studies are needed to investigate the response of the model under different tests, such as torsion and complex loading modes. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Musaab A. Raheem for proofreading the paper. References Brown, T., R. J. Hansen, and A. J. Yorra. 1957. “Some Mechanical Tests on the Lumbosacral Spine with Particular Reference to the Intervertebral Disc.” J. Bone Jnt Surg 39A:1135–64. Chan, Samantha C. W., Alexander Bürki, Harald M. Bonél, Lorin M. Benneker, and Benjamin Gantenbein-Ritter. 2013. “Papain-Induced in Vitro Disc Degeneration Model for the Study of Injectable Nucleus Pulposus Therapy.” The Spine Journal 13(3):273–83. Coogan, Jessica S., W. Loren Francis, Travis D. Eliason, Todd L. Bredbenner, Brian D. Stemper, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, and Daniel P. Nicolella. 2016. “Finite Element Study of a Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Nucleus Replacement Device.” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 4. Gloria, Antonio, Filippo Causa, Roberto De Santis, Paolo Antonio Netti, and Luigi Ambrosio. 2007. “Dynamic-Mechanical Properties of a Novel Composite Intervertebral Disc Pros.Thesis.” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 18(11):2159–65. Joshi, A., G. Fussell, J. Thomas, A. Hsuan, A. Lowman, A. Karduna, E. Vresilovic, and M. Marcolongo. 2006. “Functional Compressive Mechanics of a PVA/PVP Nucleus Pulposus Replacement.” Biomaterials 27(2):176–84. Kulak, R. F., T. B. Belytschko, and A. B. Schultz. 1976. “Nonlinear Behavior of the Human Intervertebral Disc under Axial Load.” J. Biomechanics 9:377–86. Lei, Dang, David WL Hukins, Duncan ET Shepherd, and Douglas Wardlaw. 2010. “Silicone Annulus for Mechanically Testing Nucleus Replacement Implants for the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc.” International Journal of Medical Engineering and Informatics 2(2):195–204.