PSI - Issue 27

Ikhsan et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 27 (2020) 101–108

102

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Ikhsan et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

1. Introduction

Hip joint replacement using artificial replacement surgery needs to be performed for patients with permanent hip joint damage due to calcification, aging, or accidents. The function of performing hip joint surgery is to relieve severe arthritis pain that limits daily activities. The importance of hip can be summarized by the fact that it facilitates human movement and supports entire body weight without causing any discomfort. Chethan et al. (2019). Moreover, a total of 600,000 cases of artificial hip replacement were found in the European continent in 2005 (Kieflar, 2007). Hip joint replacement with the Total Hip Replacement (THR) method is the most successful biomaterial application to reduce pain, restore joint architecture, and to improve functional mobility in traumatized joints. Affatato et al. (2018). To meet this expectation, the artificial hip joint used here must be analyzed for its feasibility to be safely used. An experimental test is a valid tool to determine that feasibility. However, the high cost is an obstacle. On the other hand, the development of advanced computing instruments resulted in the methodology of analyzing the mechanical properties of the hip joint that can be done through the finite element modeling method before the artificial hip joint manufacturing process is carried out. There are many types of artificial hip joints in the commercial market. In the market, various types of material and design shapes can be selected to suit the needs of patients. One variation of the available designs is the type of fenestration on the hip stem. Big and many fenestrations in the hip stem related to the weight of the hip stem and fenestration can strengthen the stability of an artificial hip joint because the bone will grow and strengthen its bond. Numerous numerical studies have been conducted by previous researchers, which were proven to be powerful enough to calculate linear and nonlinear phenomena on engineering and design. Examples are demonstrated in turbine analysis by Prabowoputra (2020a-b), high nonlinear impact engineering by Bae et al. (2016a-b), Liu et al. (2017) and Prabowo et al. (2017a-d), Wang et al. (2019) and structural analysis of testing instrument (Caesar et al., 2020). In terms of the design of the artificial hip joint, Jiang et al. (2007) considered four different models of hip implants. UHMWPE, CoCrMo alloy, 316L stainless steel, and Ti6Al4V alloy were found in this study. By using finite element method , mechanical characterization was carried out under static and dynamic conditions. The strain and stress distribution across the implants and deformation were observed in all the models. In the same year, Senalp et al. (2007) investigated the static, dynamic, and fatigue behavior of Ti6Al4V and cobalt-chromium metal materials, and compared the stem shape developed by Charnley. Four different stems with varied surface curvatures straight, notched, and curved shapes were considered for the study. They found that all the stems were safe against stress conditions imposed. A year later, Kluess et al. (2008) examined the effect of femoral head size on impingement, dislocation, and stress distribution on THR. Besides, recent research conducted by Affatato et al. (2018) depicted an investigative study of the effect of radial clearance on acetabular cup contact pressure on hip implants. Investigations based on these studies show that variations in fenestration on hip joint implant performance have not been considered as input to the analysis. Numerous surgeons believe that fenestration can strengthen the stability of an artificial hip joint. The reason is the bone will grow to bind in the hip stem fenestration. In this work, there will be conducted a study of finite element analysis the difference of various hip implant based on fenestration to predict von Misses stress, deformation, and the strain. Materials titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) will be used and analyzed. 2. Methodology and material 2.1. Material Various types of designs and forms of the artificial hip joint are used for hip joint replacement. In this study, four designs of the hip joint were used, namely, hip joint without fenestration, hip joint with fenestration slot, hip joint with fenestration big loop, and hip joint with fenestration multi-loop. Fig. 1 shows the fenestration scheme used. All dimensions were identical except for fenestration. The type of material used was Ti-6Al-4V. Materials were chosen because of their good biocompatible properties and strength. The total number of models was four. The material was assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and elastic linear. Table 1 shows the nature of the material used.