PSI - Issue 27

Hammar Ilham Akbar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 27 (2020) 62–68 Akbar et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

63

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1. Introduction The demand for lightweight but durable materials increases along with massive energy saving campaigns (Akbar et al., 2018; Akbar et al., 2020; Ravindran et al., 2019; Zheng et al., 2018). One of the lightweight materials developed is aluminum-based composite (Kandpal et al., 2017). aluminum composite, which has the advantage of being lightweight but sturdy, makes this material developed and used in various industries, such as automotive, manufacturing, and aerospace (Abúndez et al., 2016). Aluminum composites generally use ceramic particles as reinforcement, such as SiC, alumina, and SiO 2 . These ceramic particles improve the mechanical properties of aluminum composites (Sijo and Jayadevan, 2016). However, the use of ceramic particles in composite manufacturing with the stir casting method has high production costs, especially for the development of aluminum composite materials in developing countries. One innovation to reduce production costs in aluminum composite manufacturing is to use natural particles or waste. The use of industrial and agricultural waste such as fly ash, rice husk ash, and bagasse ash has been widely developed before (Bharathi et al., 2017; Dinaharan et al., 2017; Fan and Juang, 2016; Imran and Khan, 2018). One of the potential materials that can be used as an aluminum composite reinforcement is sea sand. Previous research studied sea sand as an aggregate in concrete (Xiao et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2019), but with chemical compounds such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2, and TiO 2 that found in sea sand, this material can be developed as a high-tech material such as composites (Alimi et al., 2016; Patel et al., 2017). This work aims to compare the hardness of sea sand reinforced composites with commonly used ceramic particle reinforced composites . 2. Materials and method The matrix on composite manufacturing used Al6061, the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the matrix is shown in Tables 1 and 2. Al 2 O 3 and SiC ceramic particles obtained from PT. Justus Kimiaraya, Surabaya, Indonesia and Minerals-Water, Rainham, England, respectively. The particle specifications of Al 2 O 3 and SiC are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Sea sand particles have obtained from Samas, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A ball mill processed the sea sand particle to a resulted size of 200 meshes.

Table 1. Chemical composition of Al6061. Compostion Mg

Si

Fe 0,7 Sn

Cu

Ti

Cr

(wt%)

0,802

0,43 Mn 0,139

0,24

0,15

0,25

Composition

Zn

Ni

Pb

Al

(wt%)

0,25

0,001

0,05

0,24

Balance

Table 2.Mechanical Properties of Al6061 (Gireesh et al., 2018). Density (g/cc) Tensile strength (MPa)

Yield strength (MPa)

Hardness (BHN)

2.67

115

48

30

Table 3. Specification of SiC. Molar mass

40,1 g/mol

Grain size

F-320 ( powder )

Specific gravity

3,2 g/cm 3

Table 4. Specification of Al 2 O 3 . Al 2 O 3 (%) Na 2 O (%)

SiO 2 (%) 0,02

Fe 2 O 3 (%) 0,02

Particle size (µm)

Specific gravity (g/cm 3 )

99,6

0,30

50

3,92