PSI - Issue 27

Laksmana Widi Prasetya et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 27 (2020) 125–131 Prasetya et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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appears at the beginning of the loading curve tends to accept low load because the can at the time of deformation. After being deformed, the can only holds the load from the rigid wall and continues to the bottom can. From the curve it appears that the load has begun to increase, which tends to fluctuate, as shown in Fig. 5b.

a

b

300

Crushing Force

Crushing Force

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Crushing Force (kN)

Crushing Force (kN)

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Time (s)

Time (s)

Fig. 5. (a) Crushing force at lower cans curve; and (b) Crushing force at upper cans curve.

Furthermore, on the discussion of the internal energy curve, locations are divided by two, cans at the top and bottom. For the lower can, the state at the beginning of the curve does not show an increase because at that time the lower can has not been deformed. Assessing condition after this state, the curve begins to increase up to 3192.51 Joules, as presented in Fig. 6a. While the internal energy curve for the top can be seen at the beginning of loading tends to increase immediately. Then around the time of 20 s, the curve begins to show a value that tends to be constant because the can is no longer deformed significantly. For this top can curve, the energy reaches 3469.81 Joule, as shown in Fig. 6b. from the achievement of 2 internal energy values, it can be seen that from the 2 data added together, it will produce a value of 6662.32 Joule, which is the total of the internal energy achieved in the results of the test used cans as a whole.

a

b

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Internal Energy

Internal Energy

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Internal Energy (J)

1000 Internal Energy (J)

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Fig. 6. (a) Internal energy at lower cans curve; and (b) Internal energy at upper cans curve.

4. Conclusions From the internal energy curve, the energy value that can be absorbed from the impact attenuator is 6662.32 Joule, and previously it was said that the terms and conditions that apply in the SAE 2019 rules, the energy that must be absorbed reaches at least 7350 Joule. Based on the statement above, it can be concluded that this impact attenuator