PSI - Issue 27

Aditya Rio Prabowo et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 27 (2020) 77–84 Prabowo et al / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

83

7

Mass of TNT (kg)

PL72 (MOP = 9 MPa)

PL57.6 (MOP = 11.25 MPa)

2

0.00052

0.00047

5

0.00093

0.00093

7

0.0013

0.0012

10

0.0017

0.0016

Fig. 8. Numerical investigation of pipeline structures subjected to subsurface explosion (Hajiazizi and Kakaei, 2018).

Fig. 9. Dynamic response of pressure on the soil due to underground explosion (Yang et al., 2010).

The area of the wavefront increases with the wave expansion. Verification of numerical models is considered in explosion analysis by taking pressure criterion as a function of the grid limit (Li and Hao, 2019), which integrated study to observe tank performance accounting for diameter length is conducted. Results the mentioned work suggests that the maximum level of internal overpressure increases equally perpendicular to the tank diameter and the duration

of the explosion event. 6. Concluding remarks

A series of reviews on land and marine-based structures subjected to explosion phenomena was conducted. Land based facilities, i.e., nuclear power plants, reservoir sites, and coal mines, are found to be susceptible from explosion due to internal factors, such as a gas leak, mishandling equipment, crack on material, and structure, and management error. On the other hand, external factors, e.g., weaponry blast, which may occur during terrorist encounters and war states are the most influencing in explosion cases of the marine vessel. The case of offshore installation is concluded to be more similar to cases of land-based infrastructures, in which a gas explosion is the primary root cause of structural damage. Besides the phenomenon aspect, the calculation method is found to be balanced in which both laboratory experiments and numerical approaches have been used in explosion analysis. Nevertheless, these methods have their